Organic Chemistry Concepts Quiz

Solids with particles arranged in highly ordered microscopic structures.

Solids where particles lack a specific, ordered arrangement.

A property describing whether a compound is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.

The visual appearance of a compound, often used to help identify it.

The color of a compound can change over time due to exposure to elements like air or light.

The solubility of an organic compound in water can indicate its chemical nature. If it dissolves, it might be a carboxylic acid, amine, alkyl halide, alcohol, aldehyde, or ketone. If it doesn't, it might be an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon.

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and acids are colorless or white in their pure form, while anthracene shows a green color.

Esters are known for their fruity smell. Ether, lower aliphatic alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons have a sweet and pleasant smell.

Amines have a fishy smell, while phenols give off a phenolic or carbolic odor.

Solubility tests in various solvents help determine the chemical nature of organic compounds. For instance, acids dissolve in cold and hot water but not in ether.

This test helps identify the type of organic compound based on the flame produced when the compound is heated.

This test determines whether a compound is acidic, basic, or neutral by observing how litmus paper changes color in its aqueous solution.

The temperature at which a solid compound transitions into a liquid state under standard pressure. This is a physical property used for identification.

A range of temperatures between when the solid starts melting and when it completely melts. Used to determine purity: a narrower range indicates higher purity.

Organic compounds with a narrow melting point range are considered more pure. Impurities broaden the range.

A solubility test that indicates whether a chemical is acidic or basic based on its reaction with 5% sodium hydroxide solution. If the compound dissolves, it's likely acidic; if it doesn't, it's likely basic or neutral.

This test determines whether a chemical is basic by observing its reaction with 5% hydrochloric acid. If it dissolves, it's basic; if it doesn't, it's acidic or neutral.

This test is used to determine whether a compound is neutral. It involves dissolving the compound in concentrated sulfuric acid. If it dissolves, it's likely neutral. If it doesn't, it may be an inert hydrocarbon.

A substance that readily dissolves in water is considered soluble, displaying a 'w' in the 'Solubility in Water' column of the results table.

It signifies that a chemical dissolves in a 5% solution of sodium bicarbonate, denoted as 'ε₄' in the results table. This often indicates the presence of an acidic functional group susceptible to deprotonation by the bicarbonate.

The inference of a compound's nature from its solubility in different reagents. It's categorized into W₁, W₂, W₃, Σ₁, and Σ₂, with each symbol representing a specific class of compounds.

This table presents a summary of solubility test outcomes and their associated inferences. It helps classify compounds based on their reactivity with various reagents, such as water, NaOH, HCl, NaHCO₃, and concentrated H₂SO₄.

A class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more carboxyl groups (COOH) attached to an aliphatic chain.

A chemical test that differentiates between saturated and unsaturated organic compounds using potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution. The disappearance of the purple color indicates unsaturation.

A chemical test that distinguishes between aliphatic and aromatic compounds using concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The formation of precipitates indicates an aromatic compound, while a clear solution indicates an aliphatic compound.

A chemical test that determines the presence of specific elements (N, S, halogens) in an organic compound by converting them into ionic salts during fusion with sodium metal.

The process of treating an organic compound with molten sodium metal to form ionic salts that are then analyzed to detect the presence of specific elements.

The solution obtained after fusing an organic compound with sodium metal and dissolving the resulting mixture in water.

The formation of sodium cyanide (NaCN) during Lassaigne's Test indicates the presence of nitrogen in the original organic compound.

The formation of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) during Lassaigne's Test indicates the presence of sulfur in the original organic compound.

The formation of sodium halides (NaCl, NaBr, NaI) during Lassaigne's Test indicates the presence of halogens (Cl, Br, I) in the original organic compound.

A chemical test to detect the presence of nitrogen in an organic compound.

A chemical test to detect the presence of sulfur in an organic compound.

A chemical test that can detect both sulfur and nitrogen in an organic compound.

A chemical test to identify halogens (chlorine, bromine, or iodine) in an organic compound.

The sodium extract is a crucial part of Lassaigne's tests.

The reaction of ferrous sulfate with sodium hydroxide to form a green precipitate in the test for nitrogen.

The reaction of sodium nitroprusside with sodium sulfide to form a violet complex in the test for sulfur.

The reaction of ferric chloride with sodium thiocyanate to form ferric sulphocyanide in the test for sulfur and nitrogen.

A chemical test that involves reacting an organic compound with sodium bicarbonate solution in water. If carbon dioxide gas is released (effervescence), it indicates the presence of a carboxylic acid.

A chemical test used to confirm the presence of aldehydes and ketones in a substance. It involves reacting the compound with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, which produces a yellow or orange precipitate if a carbonyl group is present.

A chemical test for aldehydes that involves reacting them with Tollens' reagent, a solution containing silver ions. A silver mirror forms on the side of the test tube if an aldehyde is present, due to the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver.

A test used to identify primary amines. It involves reacting the amine with chloroform in a strong base (NaOH/KOH), resulting in the formation of a foul-smelling compound called isocyanide.

A test used to determine the presence of carboxylic acids or alcohols in a compound. It is performed by reacting the compound with alcohol (for carboxylic acids) or carboxylic acid (for alcohols) in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The formation of a fruity smell indicates a positive test result.

A classic test to detect primary, secondary, and tertiary amines by reacting them with nitrous acid (HNO₂). It's a key tool in organic chemistry for amine classification.

This test is used to identify amides by their reaction with soda lime (a mixture of NaOH and CaO) or aqueous NaOH. The release of ammonia gas is a strong indicator of an amide.

A test used to specifically detect anilides, a class of amides derived from aniline. A color change to green from red-violet upon reaction with potassium dichromate indicates the presence of an anilide.

A chemical test that identifies phenols by their reaction with ferric chloride (FeCl₃). It produces a distinctive colored solution, ranging from blue to red to green to purple.

The process of converting an amine to a diazonium salt using nitrous acid (HNO₂). This reaction is crucial for synthesizing various organic compounds, particularly azo dyes.

A group of organic compounds containing a nitrogen atom directly attached to a carbonyl group (-CO-). They are often derived from carboxylic acids.

A specific type of amide formed from aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) and a carboxylic acid. Anilides have distinct properties and are often used in pharmaceutical or textile applications.

Organic molecules that primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are generally nonpolar and insoluble in water.