Organic Chemistry Basics Quiz

<p>Hydroxy-group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carboxy-group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pentane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only carbons bonded to one other carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbons bonded to two other carbons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ethers and alcohols (A), alcohols and acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-ethyl-4-methylhexane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>alkylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glycerol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>primary monoatomic alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-C(O)- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sulfuric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amide bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amide bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium stearate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>malonates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acetic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>succinic (butanedioic acid) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ether (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acetic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acetaldehyde (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acetic acid + propanol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ethyl acetate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isomerizes to vitamin (C), Can form an ester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They take part in addition reactions (C), They are liquid substances at room temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Has two double bonds in the hydrocarbon radical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refers to complex saponifiable lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrimidine (B), Pyrroline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrrol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains three double bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O-glycosidic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O-glycosidic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uridine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymine, 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose, phosphoric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uracil, ribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine (A), Uracil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymidine-5'-phosphate (A), Deoxycytidine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A branched alkyl group with four carbon atoms, where the branching occurs on the second carbon atom from the end.

A branched alkyl group with three carbon atoms, where the branching occurs on the middle carbon atom.

A branched alkyl group with four carbon atoms, where the branching occurs on the third carbon atom from the end.

A branched alkyl group with four carbon atoms, where the branching occurs on the second carbon atom from the end.

A straight chain alkyl group with three carbon atoms.

The functional group containing a nitrogen atom directly bound to two alkyl groups, and one hydrogen atom.

A carbon atom in an organic compound that is directly connected to only one other carbon atom.

A carbon atom in an organic compound that is directly connected to two other carbon atoms.

Isomers that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms within the carbon chain. They are molecules that have the same number and type of atoms but differ in the way these atoms are arranged in space.

Isomers that have the same molecular formula and the same arrangement of atoms, but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. They have atoms in the same order, but the molecule's three-dimensional shape is different.

Isomers that have the same molecular formula, but different functional groups.

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. They differ in the arrangement of their atoms and bonds.

A reaction that involves the addition of an alkyl group to a molecule. It's like adding a new building block to a structure.

The removal of a carboxyl group (-COOH) from a molecule. It's like removing a functional group from a molecule.

A reaction where an alcohol loses a molecule of water (H2O). It's like removing water from a structure, leaving a double bond behind.

A reaction that involves the introduction of an acyl group (R-CO-) into a molecule. It's like adding a carbonyl group to a structure.

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula HOOC-COOH. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid, consisting of two carboxyl groups connected to each other.

The salts of malonic acid are known as malonates. Malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula CH2(COOH)2.

Oxalic acid (ethanedioic acid) is the weakest among the listed acids. The strength of a carboxylic acid depends on factors like electron-withdrawing groups. Oxalic acid has two carboxyl groups that can interact, weakening the acidity compared to other options.

Succinic acid (butanedioic acid) decarboxylates (loses a CO2 molecule) most easily upon heating. This is due to the stability of the resulting cyclic anhydride (succinic anhydride).

The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol forms an ester. This reaction is called esterification.

Hydrolysis of the given compound ( ) produces acetic acid (CH3COOH). Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down a compound by reacting it with water.

The given compound, ( ) is hydrolyzed to produce propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH). Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down a compound with water.

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) forms an anhydride when reacted with itself (another molecule of acetic acid). An anhydride is formed by removing a water molecule from two carboxylic acid molecules.

A type of bond formed between a nitrogenous base and a sugar molecule in a nucleotide.

A type of bond formed between a sugar molecule and a phosphate group in a nucleotide.

A type of bond formed when the hydroxyl group of a sugar molecule reacts with the phosphate group of phosphoric acid.

A nucleoside composed of uracil attached to a ribose sugar.

A nucleoside composed of thymine attached to a deoxyribose sugar.

A nucleotide consisting of a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar, with a single phosphate group attached to the sugar's 5' carbon.

A nitrogenous base that is a derivative of pyrimidine, having a single ring structure.

A nitrogenous base that forms a complementary pair with cytosine in DNA.

A type of lipid that is composed of glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Phosphatidylcholine, also known as lecithin, is a common example.

A type of lipid that is a major component of cell membranes. Phosphatidylethanolamine is a major component of cell membrane structures.

An amino alcohol that is a component of phosphatidylethanolamine. It's similar to choline but lacks the methyl groups.

A molecule that is the product of the reaction of cholic acid with glycine. It aids in the digestion of fats.

A molecule that is the product of the reaction of cholic acid with taurine. It assists in the digestion of fats.

The bond that connects the amino acid (glycine or taurine) to cholic acid in glycocholic and taurocholic acids.

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen atoms across the double bond of a molecule.

Ergosterol is a sterol naturally found in fungi, plants, and yeast. It's important because it can isomerize into Vitamin D2 when exposed to UV light. Ergosterol also has structural features like an alcohol group and the ability to form esters.

Saturated fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms linked by single bonds. These straight chains make them solid at room temperature. They have even numbers of carbon atoms and lack double bonds, preventing them from participating in addition reactions.

Linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds in its carbon chain, making it liquid at room temperature. It's classified as an Omega-3 fatty acid and is essential for human health.

Triglycerides like 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-stearoylglycerol are complex lipids formed from glycerol and fatty acids. Due to the presence of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, they have a liquid consistency at room temperature. These lipids can be hydrolyzed into their components (glycerol and fatty acids).

Purines are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. They have a fused ring structure consisting of a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring.

Pyrrole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing one nitrogen atom. Its N-H bond is acidic, allowing it to participate in reactions with electrophilic reagents.