Organic Chemistry Basics

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What type of effect is responsible for the displacement of sigma electrons along a saturated C-2 chain?

Inductive effect (correct)

Resonance

Hyperconjugation

Electromeric effect

Which of the following groups is an electron-donating group (EDG)?

NF2

CH3 (correct)

NO2

Br

What is the reason for the stability of the M3+1 carbocation?

Due to the presence of an electron-deficient group

Due to the presence of a neutral atom

Due to the presence of a heavy nucleus (correct)

Due to the presence of a light nucleus

What type of effect is responsible for the stability of free radicals?

Hyperconjugation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the structures that are in resonance with each other?

Canonical structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an electron-withdrawing group (EWG)?

NO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the same charge on electron density in a benzene ring?

decreases electron density Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Huckel's rule in determining the aromaticity of a molecule?

It determines the planarity of a molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of stability of the following species: carbocation, carbanion, and free radical?

carbocation > carbanion > free radical Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of resonance on the bond energies of a molecule?

it decreases the bond energies Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct classification of a molecule that does not obey Huckel's rule?

non-aromatic Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of electron density in a benzene ring at ortho, meta, and para positions?

ortho > meta > para Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the distance on electron density in meta-benzene?

It has no effect on electron density Signup and view all the answers

What type of resonance is shown in the equation R-I+ M+ EDG?

Mesomeric resonance Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of extended conjugation in a compound?

Stabilization of the compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of resonance on the stability of a molecule?

It increases the stability Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of cross conjugation shown in the diagram CH-CH=CH2?

Cross conjugation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an extended conjugation on electron density?

It has no effect on electron density Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of basic strength of amines?

1° > 2° > 3° Signup and view all the answers

Which type of effect is responsible for the weakness of ortho substituted benzoic acids?

Steric inhibition of resonance Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of acidic strength of carboxylic acids?

Formic acid > Benzoic acid > Methanoic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct explanation for the basic strength of amines?

Delocalization of electron pair Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

Formic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of acidic strength of halogen acids?

HI > HBr > HCl > HF Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of ortho substituted benzoic acids?

They are weaker than their para isomers Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct explanation for the acidic strength of carboxylic acids?

Inductive effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of amines?

They are always basic Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of basic strength of amines in aqueous phase?

NH3 > RNH2 > R2NH > R3N Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the overlap of a vacant π orbital with an adjacent electron?