General Organic Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the hyperconjugation effect according to Baker and Nathan?

  • The resonance effect between multiple bonds and single bonds
  • The steric hindrance in electrophilic aromatic substitution
  • The inductive effect in alkyl groups
  • The interaction between π electrons and adjacent σ bonds (correct)

    • What is the basis of the stability of alkyl carbocations?

  • Electronegativity of the alpha carbon atom
  • Number of resonating structures and steric hindrance
  • Number of alpha hydrogens and inductive effect
  • Number of resonating structures and number of alpha hydrogens (correct)

    • What is the electron-releasing power of an alkyl group dependent on?

  • The resonance effect between the alkyl group and the aromatic ring
  • The inductive effect of the alkyl group
  • Steric hindrance between the alkyl group and the aromatic ring
  • Number of hydrogens present on the alpha carbon atom (correct)

    • What is the consequence of hyperconjugation in alkyl benzene?

    <p>The alkyl group becomes an ortho-para directing group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the hyperconjugation effect?

    <p>No-bond resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental requirement for a compound to exhibit hyperconjugation?

    <p>The compound should have at least one sp2-hybrid carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hyperconjugation on the heat of hydrogenation of a compound?

    <p>It decreases the heat of hydrogenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting effect of hyperconjugation on the dipole moment of a molecule?

    <p>It increases the dipole moment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the movement of electrons from one atom to another in multibonded atoms at the demand of an attacking reagent?

    <p>Electromeric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effect is represented by a curved arrow ( ) showing the shifting of an electron pair?

    <p>Electromeric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of effect that occurs when the transfer of electrons takes place towards the attacking reagent?

    <p>+E effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon of hyperconjugation observed in the system X | -C=C-C=X?

    <p>Reverse Hyperconjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of effect that explains the meta directing influence and deactivating effect of CX3 group in electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction?

    <p>Hyperconjugation effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of the shift of electron pair in a multiple bond?

    <p>The type of groups linked to the multiple bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of effect that occurs when the transfer of electrons takes place away from the attacking reagent?

    <p>-E effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of preference of atoms or groups in the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority system based on?

    <p>The sequence rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 'E' represent in the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system?

    <p>Atoms or groups of higher preference on opposite sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the order of preference of groups cannot be settled on the first atom?

    <p>The second atom or subsequent atoms in the groups are considered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 'Z' represent in the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system?

    <p>Atoms or groups of higher preference on the same side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do terminal alkenes such as propene, 1-butene, and 2-methyl propene not show geometrical isomerism?

    <p>Due to the presence of a doubly bonded carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle in a molecule with sp3 hybridization?

    <p>109.5°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of hybridization present in a molecule with two π bonds and one σ bond?

    <p>sp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of unused p-orbitals in a molecule with sp hybridization?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of bond pairs and the number of atoms attached to the central atom in the electron pair method?

    <p>bp = number of atoms attached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of s-character in decreasing order for sp, sp2, sp3, and p orbitals?

    <p>s &gt; sp3 &gt; sp2 &gt; sp &gt; p</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of effect responsible for the orienting influence of alkyl group in o, p-positions and of group in toluene?

    <p>Hyperconjugation effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effect occurs when the transfer of electrons takes place towards the attacking reagent?

    <p>E effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the system X | -C=C-C=X, what phenomenon is observed?

    <p>Hyperconjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of the shift of electron pair in a multiple bond?

    <p>The direction of inductive effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

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