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Questions and Answers
Inorganic compounds contain a C-H bond.
False
What are the two elements present in every organic compound?
Carbon & Hydrogen
What type of carbohydrate is sucrose?
Disaccharide
In what form must all carbohydrates be in cells to use them as a source of energy?
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Carbohydrates are the preferred source of energy for the body because they can be used efficiently as fuel.
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Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule?
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What are the four major categories of organic molecules?
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What is the principal source of energy for the body?
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Which of the following is a type of monosaccharide?
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What are the components of a triglyceride molecule?
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Lipids dissolve in water.
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What are unsaturated fats typically derived from?
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Study Notes
Organic Compounds
- Contain carbon and hydrogen and a simple C-H bond
- Arranged in rings or chains
- Chemically large, complex and high in energy
- Examples: methane (CH4), glucose (C6H12O6)
Inorganic Compounds
- Do not contain carbon and hydrogen, lack of C-H bond
- Mostly simple (low in energy) and chemically small
- Obtained from natural processes.
- Examples: NaCl, H2O
- Water comprises 75-85% of body weight
- Water is a universal solvent
- Oxygen is 21% of the atmosphere
- Oxygen is utilized by animals during respiration
Organic Certification
- Crops not treated with pesticides, petroleum-based fertilizers or sewage sludge
- Animals (cows, pigs, and chickens) are not treated with growth hormones or antibiotics
- Animals are exposed outdoors in order to be able to eat organic food
- Genetically engineered or treated with ionizing radiation food is not FDA approved
OCCP (The Organic Certification Center of the Philippines)
- Conducts training on organic farming and organic certification
- Has 4 Major Categories:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
- Proteins
Carbohydrates
- Principal source of energy
- Provide shape to certain cells
- Components of many antibiotics and coenzymes
- Essential part of DNA
Types of Carbohydrates
-
Monosaccharide (Simple Sugar)
- 5-C sugar: ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA
- 6-C sugar: C6H12O6
- Glucose, Fructose, Galactose (Isomers)
- Fructose: simple sugar found in fruits
- Glucose - blood sugar in the blood
- Galactose: simple sugar found in milk
-
Disaccharide (Combination of 2 Simple Sugars)
- Sucrose: reg.table sugar made from sugarcane sap & sugar beet root (glucose + fructose)
- Lactose: or milk sugar (glucose + galactose)
- Maltose: or grain sugar made from grains such as barley, rice or wheat (glucose + glucose)
-
Polysaccharide (Complex Sugar)
- Starch: also known as Amylose is the stored form of glucose in plants
- Animals store glucose as Glycogen in the liver & muscles
- Cellulose
- Humans cannot digest
- Source of FIBER (e.g.VEGETABLES like broccoli, asparagus etc.)
- Ruminants can digest CELLULOSE
- Chitin
- Exoskeleton of insects, spiders & crustaceans
- Supports cells, resembles a glucose polymer except that it contains nitrogen atoms
- Used in manufacture of surgical thread because it is tough, flexible & biodegradable
Lipids
- Do not dissolve in water but can be dissolved in non-polar solvents
- Hydrophobic, contain long chains of non-polar carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
- Can be synthesized from carbohydrates in cells
- Store more energy (9 food calories or 37 kJ of energy per gram)
- Provide cushioning for vital organs and insulation
- Play important roles in plasma membrane structure and serve as precursors for important reproductive hormones
Saturated Fats
- More C-H bonds means more energy or calories
- Solid at room temperature
- Sources of energy
- Come from animal fats such as bacon fat and butter.
- May increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis
Unsaturated Fats
- Double bond between carbon atoms and fewer hydrogen bonds
- Liquid in room temperature
- Come from plants such as corn oil and olive oil
- Healthier than saturated counterparts
Trans Fat
- Vegetable oils which are made of unsaturated fats turned into solid fats
- Unsaturated fats whose fatty acid tails are straight
- Done by attaching hydrogen atoms onto the carbons that makes it look & taste like saturated fat.
- Called hydrogenated vegetable oil or trans fat
Types of Lipids
- Triglyceride
- Known as fat molecule
- Consists of 3 long hydrocarbon chains with 1 glycerol molecule
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Description
This quiz covers the essential differences between organic and inorganic compounds, highlighting their chemical properties, examples, and significance. Learn about organic certification standards and the role of the OCCP in promoting organic practices. Test your knowledge of these fundamental concepts in chemistry and agriculture.
