Organelle Functions in Plant and Animal Cells

The cell membrane primarily functions as a semi-permeable barrier that separates the cell from its environment and facilitates communication.

The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing DNA that contains genetic instructions for protein synthesis and cell activities.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes, giving it a rough appearance, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

<p>Ribosomes contribute by synthesizing proteins by joining amino acids together, which are essential for growth and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid that fills the cell, suspending organelles and providing a medium for biochemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rough endoplasmic reticulum is composed of flattened sacs interconnected and covered with ribosomes, giving it a rough texture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded proteins in the cell membrane help transport materials in and out of the cell and are crucial for cell communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleolus is crucial because it produces ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the RER is protein synthesis and modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SER is composed of tubular structures and lacks ribosomes, giving it a smooth appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP through the process of cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall provides structural support and protection against external damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts are sites of photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes act as the cell's waste disposal system, breaking down food and worn-out parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrioles help organize spindle fibers that pull chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SER helps remove toxins, drugs, and harmful chemicals from the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turgor pressure is the pressure of the fluid inside the vacuole that keeps the plant cell firm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal cells have lysosomes for digesting food and waste, which is not necessary for plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is mainly involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia are short and help move substances across the cell surface, while flagella are long and propel the cell itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes assemble proteins and are primarily found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and freely in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A semi-permeable barrier that separates the cell from its environment.

The gel-like fluid inside the cell that suspends organelles.

The control center of the cell containing DNA and directing activities.

Tiny structures that synthesize proteins by joining amino acids.

A network of membranes responsible for transporting proteins and lipids.

ER covered with ribosomes, involved in protein production.

Two layers of phospholipids forming the cell membrane.

A barrier surrounding the nucleus that controls entry and exit.

The process where ribosomes on the RER create proteins for export or use within the cell.

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport proteins from the RER to the Golgi apparatus.

A membrane-bound organelle without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

The process by which the SER removes toxins and harmful substances from the cell, important in liver cells.

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery within or outside the cell.

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell that produce ATP through cellular respiration.

A tough, rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs, converting sunlight into food energy.

A fluid-filled sac in plant cells that stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure.

Digests waste and damaged cell parts, acting as the cell's waste disposal system.

Structures aiding in cell division by organizing spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis.

Hair-like and tail-like structures used for movement of the cell or substances around it.

Refers to the orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA strands (5' to 3' and 3' to 5').

Refers to the ends of DNA strands where the 5' end has a phosphate group and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group.