Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of auto-antibodies binding to normal circulating IgG?

  • Chronic inflammation of the joints (correct)
  • Chronic inflammation of the skin
  • Chronic inflammation of the liver
  • Chronic inflammation of the brain

    • Which system is frequently affected in autoimmune diseases, in addition to the joints?

  • Gastrointestinal system
  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
  • Hematologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems (correct)

    • What is the purpose of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases?

  • To reduce inflammation (correct)
  • To promote the proliferation of lymphocytes
  • To diagnose autoimmune diseases
  • To suppress the immune system

    • What is the role of immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>To slow the proliferation of lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elevated in routine laboratory tests for autoimmune diseases?

    <p>C-reactive protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of serological assays in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>To detect specific autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best method for diagnosing localized autoimmune disorders?

    <p>Immunofluorescence of biopsy specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Failure of the immunological tolerance mechanisms to self-antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of organ-specific autoimmune diseases?

    <p>The immune response is directed to a target antigen unique to a single organ or gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of autoimmune diseases involving direct cellular damage?

    <p>Lymphocytes or antibodies bind to cell-membrane antigens, causing cellular lysis and/or an inflammatory response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease mediated by direct cellular damage?

    <p>Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of autoantibodies in organ-specific autoimmune diseases mediated by stimulating or blocking auto-Abs?

    <p>They stimulate or block hormone receptors, leading to overproduction of mediators or impaired secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the autoimmune attack on the pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Decreased production of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of the immune response in organ-specific autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A target antigen unique to a single organ or gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autoantibodies blocking hormone receptors in organ-specific autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Impaired secretion of mediators and gradual atrophy of the affected organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between organ-specific autoimmune diseases and systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Organ-specific autoimmune diseases affect a single organ, while systemic autoimmune diseases affect multiple organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which auto-antibodies contribute to muscle weakness in Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>By blocking the binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range and gender affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>Women from 40 to 60 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of auto-antibodies produced in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>They are reactive with determinants in the Fc region of IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Organ-Specific and Systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>The number of organs and tissues affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the activation of complement by anti-AChR auto-antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Muscle cell damage and lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the immune response in Systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>It is directed towards a broad range of target antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic rheumatoid factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>An IgM antibody with reactivity towards the Fc region of IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the early signs of Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Drooping eyelids and inability to retract the corners of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases

    • Mediated by stimulating or blocking auto-antibodies (e.g. Myasthenia Gravis)
    • Auto-antibodies bind to acetylcholine receptors, blocking normal binding and inducing complement-mediated lysis of cells
    • Results in progressive weakening of skeletal muscles
    • Early signs: drooping eyelids, inability to retract corners of the mouth

    Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

    • Immune response directed towards a broad range of target antigens
    • Involves multiple organs and tissues
    • Reflects a general defect in immune regulation, resulting in hyperactive T cells and B cells
    • Examples: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Rheumatoid Arthritis

    • Common autoimmune disorder, affecting women from 40 to 60 years old
    • Produces auto-antibodies called rheumatoid factors, reactive with Fc region of IgG
    • Classic rheumatoid factor is an IgM antibody with that reactivity
    • Immune complexes (Antigen-Antibody complex) form, leading to tissue damage

    Classification of Autoimmune Diseases

    • Divided into systemic and organ-specific or localized autoimmune disorders

    Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases Mediated by Direct Cellular Damage

    • Immune response directed towards a target antigen unique to a single organ or gland
    • Cells of the target organ damaged directly by humoral or cell-mediated mechanisms
    • Example: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, caused by autoimmune attack on the pancreas, especially insulin-producing cells (beta cells)

    Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases Mediated by Stimulating or Blocking Auto-Antibodies

    • Auto-antibodies act as agonists, binding to hormone receptors, stimulating inappropriate activity
    • Auto-antibodies act as antagonists, binding hormone receptors, blocking receptor function
    • Examples: Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis

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    Description

    This quiz covers organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including Myasthenia Gravis (MG), its causes, symptoms, and effects on the body. Learn about the role of auto-antibodies in blocking acetylcholine receptors and inducing muscle weakening.

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