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Questions and Answers
What is considered an absolute contraindication for organ donation?
Which statement regarding the process of organ donation is true?
Which organ is the most frequently transplanted in organ donation?
Which of the following is true about the legal status of a donor's decision to donate organs?
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For which type of organ donation is anesthesia services required?
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What is the primary impact of Cyclosporine on transplant surgery?
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Which of the following factors is NOT considered in ranking potential organ recipients?
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Which organ must be retrieved within 30 minutes after cardiac death to ensure viability?
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Which condition is classified as an absolute contraindication to organ donation?
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How does the timing of organ retrieval following cardiac death influence organ viability?
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What is a relative contraindication for organ donation?
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Which of the following organs are frequently transplanted, along with kidneys?
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What is the role of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) in organ transplantation?
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Study Notes
Organ Donation Legalities
- A driver's license or donor card signature is legally binding for organ donation, overriding family consent.
Contraindications for Donation
- Age over 80 years
- HIV infection
- Active metastatic cancer
- Prolonged hypotension or hypothermia
- Active infection
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Sickle cell anemia or other hemoglobinopathy
Donor Management
- Aggressive donor management enhances the number and quality of retrieved organs, improving transplant outcomes.
Organ Transplantation Statistics
- The kidney is the most transplanted organ.
- The lung is the least transplanted organ.
Anesthesia for Donation
- Anesthesia is necessary for organ donation after brain death (DBD).
- Anesthesia is not required for donation after cardiac death (DCD).
History of Organ Transplantation
- First solid organ transplant: kidney between identical twins (1954)
- Liver, lung, heart, pancreas transplants began in the 1960s
- Cyclosporine (1978) significantly improved transplant success by reducing rejection
Organ Types and Transplant Statistics
- Transplantable organs include: heart, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, corneas, skin, tendons, bone, and heart valves
- Most frequently transplanted: kidney and liver (whole or segmental)
Organ Procurement and Allocation
- United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS): links organ procurement and transplant centers in the US
- Matching and Ranking: based on blood type, tissue match, time on waiting list, immune status, and geographic distance
- Other factors considered: pediatric patients, payback agreements, dual-organ recipients, organ failure following recent transplant, and medical urgency (heart, liver, intestines)
Contraindications for Organ Donation
- Absolute: age >80 years, HIV, active metastatic cancer, prolonged hypotension or hypothermia, active infection, DIC, hemoglobinopathy
- Relative: non-CNS or skin malignancy in remission, hypertension, diabetes, age >70 years, hepatitis B/C, smoking history
Donor Organ Viability
- Donor health at death determines viability of organs
- Organs deteriorate faster after cardiac arrest
- Tissues like bone, skin, heart valves, and corneas can be retrieved up to 24 hours after death
Minimizing Ischemic Time (Warm Ischemic Time)
- Time between cardiac death and organ preservation impacts viability
- Goal: Minimize warm ischemic time
- Organ-specific time limits:
- Heart and liver: 30 minutes
- Kidneys and pancreas: 60 minutes
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Description
Explore the essential legalities and management practices surrounding organ donation. Learn about the contraindications, statistical insights, and the role of anesthesia in both brain and cardiac death. This quiz will enhance your understanding of the complexities of organ transplantation.
