Podcast
Questions and Answers
How many elements are there in the first period of the Periodic Table?
How many elements are there in the first period of the Periodic Table?
Which element starts the second period in the Periodic Table?
Which element starts the second period in the Periodic Table?
How many electrons are there in the boron atom's 2p orbital?
How many electrons are there in the boron atom's 2p orbital?
Which element marks the beginning of the third period in the Periodic Table?
Which element marks the beginning of the third period in the Periodic Table?
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What is the electron configuration of scandium (Z = 21)?
What is the electron configuration of scandium (Z = 21)?
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How does the energy of the available orbitals 4d, 5s, and 5p increase?
How does the energy of the available orbitals 4d, 5s, and 5p increase?
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At what element do the 3d orbitals start to get filled in the Periodic Table?
At what element do the 3d orbitals start to get filled in the Periodic Table?
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How many electrons can be accommodated in the available orbitals with a total of 9 orbitals?
How many electrons can be accommodated in the available orbitals with a total of 9 orbitals?
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Which element in Group 1 has the electronic configuration [He]2s^1?
Which element in Group 1 has the electronic configuration [He]2s^1?
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In which block do elements have similar chemical behavior because they have the same number and distribution of electrons in their outermost orbitals?
In which block do elements have similar chemical behavior because they have the same number and distribution of electrons in their outermost orbitals?
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Why do elements in the same group or column exhibit similar properties?
Why do elements in the same group or column exhibit similar properties?
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What determines the periodic dependence of an element's properties according to the text?
What determines the periodic dependence of an element's properties according to the text?
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Which factor does not affect the valence shell of an element?
Which factor does not affect the valence shell of an element?
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What affects the size of isoelectronic species like F-, Ne, and Na+?
What affects the size of isoelectronic species like F-, Ne, and Na+?
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Which statement about ionization enthalpy is incorrect?
Which statement about ionization enthalpy is incorrect?
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What does each block in the periodic table represent?
What does each block in the periodic table represent?
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What does the valence principal quantum number (n) primarily determine?
What does the valence principal quantum number (n) primarily determine?
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For which element would you expect the biggest jump in ionization enthalpy when removing an electron?
For which element would you expect the biggest jump in ionization enthalpy when removing an electron?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Structure
- The first period of the Periodic Table has 2 elements.
- The second period of the Periodic Table starts with lithium (Li).
- The third period of the Periodic Table starts with sodium (Na).
Atomic Orbitals
- A boron atom's 2p orbital has 1 electron.
- The energy of the available orbitals 4d, 5s, and 5p increases in the order: 5s < 4d < 5p.
- The 3d orbitals start to get filled at scandium (Sc, Z = 21).
Electron Configuration
- Scandium (Z = 21) has the electron configuration [Ar]3d¹4s².
- Lithium (Li) in Group 1 has the electronic configuration [He]2s¹.
Periodic Trends
- Elements in the same group or column exhibit similar properties due to the same number and distribution of electrons in their outermost orbitals.
- The periodic dependence of an element's properties is determined by the electron configuration.
Blocks in the Periodic Table
- Elements in the same block have similar chemical behavior due to the same number and distribution of electrons in their outermost orbitals.
Ionization Enthalpy
- The size of isoelectronic species like F-, Ne, and Na+ is affected by the nuclear charge.
- Ionization enthalpy increases with increasing nuclear charge.
Valence Shell
- The valence principal quantum number (n) primarily determines the energy level of an electron.
- The valence shell is not affected by the atomic radius.
Ionization Enthalpy Exceptions
- The statement "ionization enthalpy always increases from left to right in a period" is incorrect.
- The biggest jump in ionization enthalpy when removing an electron is expected for boron (B).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the order of energy of 4d, 5s, and 5p orbitals, as well as the maximum number of electrons in an orbital. Explore groupwise electronic configurations and the relationship between vertical columns in the periodic table.
