Questions and Answers
Which of the following has the highest energy level?
What is the atomic number of an atom with an atomic mass number of 13 and 7 neutrons?
Which orbital has the lowest energy among the following?
How is the electronic configuration of copper explained?
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What is the correct increasing order of wavelengths from the given options?
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Which transition corresponds to the Balmer series for n1 = 2 to n2 = 4?
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According to de Broglie, which statement is true about a cricket ball?
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What is the significance of degenerate orbitals in the context of electrons?
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Which principle states that one cannot determine both the exact position and exact momentum of a subatomic particle simultaneously?
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What is the correct relationship between the energy levels of orbitals in an atom when in a ground state?
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Which species corresponds to a principal quantum number n that has a value of 4?
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What describes the probabilistic interpretation of an electron's position in an atom?
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Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the highest frequency?
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Which characteristic applies to photons as a type of particle?
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Which of the following orbitals is filled last according to the increasing energy order of atomic orbitals?
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What is the property of the effective nuclear charge (Z Eff)?
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What is the primary characteristic of electronic energies in an atom?
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In the context of matter waves, which particle will generally have a higher velocity to produce waves of the same wavelength?
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What is the significance of the uncertainty principle in relation to microscopic particles?
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Which configuration correctly represents the ground state of a fluorine atom (atomic number 9)?
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How does the mutual repulsion between electrons affect their energy levels in multielectron atoms compared to single-electron atoms?
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When a wave has a frequency of $4.620 \times 10^{14}$ Hz, what is its corresponding wavelength in nanometers?
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What does the term 'orbital' refer to in quantum mechanics?
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Which concept explains why the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) experienced by electrons in multi-electron atoms is less than the actual nuclear charge?
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Study Notes
Orbital Energy Levels
- Order of increasing energy for orbitals:
- (a) 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s
- (b) 3s < 3p < 4s < 4d
- (c) 5p < 4d < 5d < 4f < 6s
- (d) 5f < 6d < 7s < 7p
Energy Comparisons
- Lowest energy orbital among 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p is 4f.
- Highest energy orbital among 5p, 5d, 5f, 6s, 6p is 5f.
Deflection in Electric Field
- Neutron does not show deflection in an electric field, unlike protons, cathode rays, and electrons.
Atomic Mass and Atomic Number
- An atom with mass number 13 and 7 neutrons has an atomic number of 6 (number of protons).
Wavelength and Energy of Radiation
- Arrange wavelengths in increasing energy:
- λ(A) = 300 nm < λ(B) = 300 µm < λ(D) = 30 Å < λ(C) = 3 nm.
Electronic Configuration of Copper
- Copper has a valence shell configuration of 3d10 4s1, explained by stability due to complete d subshell.
Balmer Series Transition
- The Balmer series corresponds to transitions from n1 = 2 to n2 = 3, 4, ...
- Wavenumber for transition to n=4 can be calculated using Rydberg's constant: RH = 109677 cm–1.
De Broglie Wavelength of a Cricket Ball
- Calculate the wavelength of a 100 g cricket ball thrown at 100 km/h.
- Due to its large mass, wave nature is negligible.
Experimental Evidence for Quantized Energies
- Electronic energies in an atom are supported by spectroscopic data showing distinct energy levels.
Matter Waves and Velocity Comparison
- Electrons exhibit higher velocity compared to protons for producing matter waves of the same wavelength.
Wavelength Calculation in Electromagnetic Radiation
- Determine wavelength from provided specifications in electromagnetic waves.
Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll
- Chlorophyll absorbs light at a frequency of 4.620 × 10^14 Hz, translating to a specific wavelength.
Orbit vs. Orbital
- "Orbit" refers to a defined path of an electron, while "orbital" describes the probability distribution of electron locations.
Uncertainty Principle and Uncertainty Calculations
- Example of a table-tennis ball to illustrate uncertainties in speed (4% of 90 m/s) and position.
Significance of Uncertainty Principle
- The principle applies mainly to microscopic particles, causing negligible effects for macroscopic objects.
Effects of Electron Repulsion in Multi-electron Atoms
- In multi-electron atoms, electron repulsion raises energy levels of electrons in the same principal quantum number.
Ground State Electronic Configuration Matching
- Various atomic configurations can be matched with their respective ground state electronic configurations.
Wavelength Measurements in Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Various waves such as X-rays, UV, long radio waves, and microwaves are matched with their frequency ranges for better understanding.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in chemistry, focusing on orbital energy levels, electronic configuration, and atomic structure. Test your understanding of concepts like the Balmer series and the behavior of particles in electric fields. Perfect for students delving into atomic theory and electron behavior.
