Orbicularis Oculi and Temporal Resolution of Eyeblink Startle Responses Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?

Orbicularis Oculi (OO) (correct)
Risorius
Zygomaticus Major
Corrugator Supercilii

What does the measurement of the temporal resolution of eyeblink startle responses (EBRs) reveal?

The magnitude and duration of emotional responding
The level of arousal evoked by emotional stimuli
The ability to regulate emotional responses
All of the above (correct)

What does the magnitude of emotional responding indicate?

The level of arousal evoked by emotional stimuli
The intensity of the emotional reaction
How complete the emotional recovery is (correct)
The speed of emotional recovery

What is the purpose of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS)?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to match positive and negative pictures in the IAPS?

Valence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the time course of emotional responding indicate?

How quick the emotional recovery is (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the eyeblink startle reflex (EBR) used to measure?

The magnitude of emotional reactivity to negative stimuli (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the TRA-LA-LA-LA mnemonic for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Resilient Thinking?

Emotional Suppression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in the context of the study described?

To induce emotional reactivity for the study of emotional recovery (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for the eyeblink startle reflex (EBR)?

Orbicularis oculi (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed relationship between purpose-in-life and emotional recovery, according to the study?

Higher purpose-in-life is associated with faster emotional recovery (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is NOT part of the TRA-LA-LA-LA mnemonic for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Resilient Thinking?

Attentional Deployment (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the emotional recovery process observed in individuals with higher levels of purpose-in-life?

Sustained pupil dilation and amygdala activation to negative words (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, the central role of the amygdala in fear potentiation of startle responses is hypothesized in which type of emotional responses?

Emotion-modulated startle responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) used in the studies described?

It uses negative pictures as stimuli to elicit emotional responses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism proposed to explain the relationship between higher purpose-in-life and better emotional recovery from negative stimuli?

Greater motivation to learn from and reappraise negative events adaptively (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be the most appropriate measure of the temporal resolution of emotional responses in the studies described?

Eyeblink startle responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Delayed Emotional Recovery in Depression and Dysphoria

Delayed emotional recovery is observed in depression and dysphoria
Subjects who report higher levels of purpose-in-life demonstrate greater emotional recovery from negative pictures

Adaptive Regulation and Emotional Recovery

Adaptive regulation is associated with quicker and more complete emotional recovery
Greater emotional recovery is associated with higher purpose in life

The Role of Amygdala in Emotional Regulation

The amygdala plays a central role in fear potentiation and emotion-modulated startles
Poor recovery from negative stimuli is observed in depressed individuals who display sustained pupil dilation and amygdala activation to negative words

Mechanisms of Emotional Recovery

Greater purpose in life motivates one to constructively learn from and reappraise negative events adaptively
Orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle is a 'eyelid' muscle that reflects affective states and emotional responses to stimuli

Eyeblink Startle Responses (EBRs)

EBRs serve to differentiate emotional responses and their regulation
Magnitude of EBRs reflects the completeness of emotional recovery
Time course of EBRs reflects the quickness of emotional recovery

International Affective Picture System (IAPS)

IAPS is a systematic photo collection that evokes positive, negative, and neutral emotional reactions
30 negative, 30 neutral, and 30 positive pictures are used, matched on arousal evocation, luminosity, complexity, and social content

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Resilient Thinking

TRA-LA-LA-LA is a mnemonic device for cognitive behaviour therapy and resilient thinking
The components of TRA-LA-LA-LA are:
- Thought substitution
- Reframing
- Attentional investment
- Lowering anxiety
- Leveraging attention
- Learning alliance

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Description

Test your knowledge on the orbicularis oculi muscle, its function in closing the eyelids, and the temporal resolution of eyeblink startle responses in reflecting emotional states and responses to stimuli.