Oral Pathology: Periapical Tissues Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause for the discovery of condensing osteitis?

  • Patient-initiated pain complaints
  • A traumatic dental injury
  • The presence of facial swelling
  • A routine dental visit with X-rays (correct)

    • What characteristic feature differentiates condensing osteitis from other dental conditions?

  • Radiopacity blended with surrounding bone (correct)
  • Presence of severe pain
  • Swelling around the molar area
  • Visible lesions on the gum

    • What is a typical clinical feature of acute apical periodontitis?

  • Accompanied facial swelling
  • Severe localized pain to touch (correct)
  • Pain during hot and cold stimulation
  • Gradual onset of dull pain

    • Which condition is least likely to directly cause acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Chronic sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the response to pulp testing indicate in a case of acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Vital tooth may respond or non-vital may not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What radiographic finding is initially seen with acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Hazy lamina dura and widened periodontal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for condensing osteitis?

    <p>Removal of the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least associated with condensing osteitis?

    <p>Severe acute pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the area around the apical foramen?

    <p>Periapical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Localized acute inflammatory reaction with engorged blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common etiology of periapical disease?

    <p>Infection through the gingival cervice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily triggers chronic apical periodontitis?

    <p>Hyperemia and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management for irreversible pulpitis?

    <p>Root canal treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to odontoiatrogenic infections in endodontic therapy?

    <p>Mechanical perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antibiotics not recommended for acute periodontitis?

    <p>They are unnecessary if immediate dental treatment is performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized as a suppurative condition in the periapical area?

    <p>Periapical abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom can a patient often identify if experiencing periapical inflammation?

    <p>Mild pain or discomfort while chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to the development of a periapical abscess?

    <p>Traumatic injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis, what does granulation tissue replace?

    <p>Surrounding bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the acute inflammatory response in a periapical abscess?

    <p>Extravasation of inflammatory fluid infiltrates occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of chronic inflammation in the periapical area?

    <p>Activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason for a slight discomfort on biting in a periapical condition?

    <p>Presence of proprioceptors in the periodontal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of pus formation in a periapical abscess?

    <p>Stimulation of osteoclastic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can arise if there is a low-intensity irritant in a periapical abscess?

    <p>Chronic periapical abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systemic manifestation might occur in a patient with a periapical abscess?

    <p>Fever and malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local manifestation is commonly associated with the affected tooth in acute periapical abscess?

    <p>Deep caries or restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of chronic periapical abscess?

    <p>Salty taste in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the early radiographic stages of a periapical abscess?

    <p>No changes observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon drainage from a periapical abscess, what change occurs in the pain sensation?

    <p>Pain subsides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells primarily make up the central area of a periapical abscess?

    <p>Neutrophils and necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the transition from an acute to a chronic periapical abscess?

    <p>Presence of a sinus tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common perception of pain associated with acute periapical abscess?

    <p>Localized intense pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of dental sclerosis (condensing osteitis)?

    <p>Localized sclerotic reaction to dental infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tooth condition is often associated with dental sclerosis?

    <p>Carious or large restoration teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from a good patient immunity and low-grade inflammatory stimulus in dental sclerosis?

    <p>More bone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is classified under periapical diseases?

    <p>Apical periodontitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding apical periodontitis?

    <p>It can be both acute and chronic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a periapical abscess?

    <p>Localized collection of pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which periapical disease is specifically characterized by sclerotic reaction?

    <p>Dental sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases would NOT be classified as a periapical disease?

    <p>Gingival hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might indicate that a tooth is extruded from its socket?

    <p>Tooth elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic radiographic feature of a periapical granuloma?

    <p>Well-defined radiolucent lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size range indicates a lesion might be a periapical granuloma?

    <p>0.5 cm to 1.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily used to differentiate between periapical granuloma and periapical cyst?

    <p>Histological evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of granulation tissue found in periapical lesions?

    <p>New blood vessels and collagen fibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are primarily involved in the chronic inflammatory infiltrate of a periapical granuloma?

    <p>Lymphocytes and plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to cholesterol crystals during the preparation of histologic sections?

    <p>They dissolve and create empty spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of events for confirming a diagnosis of a periapical granuloma?

    <p>Clinical evaluation, radiography, histological examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental sclerosis is characterized by a sclerotic reaction that involves bone destruction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical abscess can be categorized into acute and chronic forms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condensing osteitis is also known as chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apical periodontitis can only occur in non-vital teeth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical granuloma is indicative of a chronic inflammatory response.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical cyst is the same as apical periodontitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The associated tooth in dental sclerosis is typically carious or has a large restoration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low-grade inflammatory stimuli can cause bone loss in the context of condensing osteitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute apical periodontitis is an inflammation characterized by engorged blood vessels and neutrophil infiltration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management of irreversible pulpitis involves only the removal of irritants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are commonly recommended for the treatment of acute periodontitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical abscess is a condition that only occurs in vital teeth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic periapical abscess can result from a low-intensity irritant or when pus is drained through a sinus tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pus formation in a periapical abscess stimulates osteoclastic activity and leads to bone resorption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute exacerbation of periapical granuloma does not involve the infection originating from pulp tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasodilatation and inflammatory fluid infiltrate are seen during the acute inflammatory response in a periapical abscess.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Periapical lesions can arise from the extension of low-grade pulpitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'inter-radicular' refers to an infection through the gingival cervice.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trauma can be one of the etiological factors leading to periapical disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granulation tissue replaces the peripheral area surrounding chronic apical periodontitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of proprioceptors in the periodontal ligament enhances the patient's ability to localize the offending tooth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammation in the periapical area usually leads to activation of osteoblasts and bone formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematogenous infection is not considered a potential cause of periapical lesions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Faulty procedures in endodontic therapy can lead to odontoiatrogenic infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A phoenix abscess refers to an acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are not recommended for controlling the spread of infection in cases of periapical granuloma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical granuloma contains true granulomatous inflammation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inadequate debridement during the endodontic procedure can lead to a phoenix abscess.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical abscess is characterized by well-defined periapical radiolucency.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acute exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis may lead to severe pain and swelling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tooth extraction is not considered as a management option for a phoenix abscess.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of neutrophils in the inflammatory response indicates an acute reaction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strands or islands of epithelium originating from the epithelial rest of Malassez give rise to an inflammatory periodontal cyst upon proliferation and disintegration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Foam cells found in granulomas represent macrophages that have engulfed lipoid material.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the balance between irritant and body resistance is disturbed, a periapical granuloma may evolve into an acute or chronic abscess.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve supply of the pulp includes proprioceptors which help in identifying the offending tooth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endodontic treatment is recommended for non-restorable teeth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In periapical diseases, pain is often localized due to the presence of proprioceptors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol clefts are surrounded by multinucleated giant cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proliferation of lipoid material can lead to the formation of foam cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The size of a periapical granuloma can exceed 1.5 cm in diameter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol clefts in microscopic sections are due to the dissolution of cholesterol crystals during preparation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A well-defined radiolucent lesion is indicative of a healthy tooth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granulation tissue in periapical lesions is comprised only of newly formed blood vessels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alveolar bone and periodontal ligament are replaced by granulation tissue in periapical conditions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphocytes and plasma cells are the primary cells involved in the chronic inflammatory infiltrate of a periapical granuloma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical cyst can be reliably differentiated from a periapical granuloma based on radiographic features.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microscopic examination is necessary for confirming the diagnosis of a periapical granuloma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age group affected by condensing osteitis?

    <p>Young to older adults are primarily affected by condensing osteitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature may indicate a non-vital tooth in a patient?

    <p>The tooth does not respond to pulp testing, indicating pulp necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the appearance of condensing osteitis on a radiograph.

    <p>It appears as a radiopacity blended with surrounding bone in the periapical area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain is typically associated with acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>The pain is severe and localized, often triggered by touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a periapical granuloma from a periapical cyst based on lesion size?

    <p>If the lesion exceeds 1.5 cm, it is likely a periapical cyst; otherwise, it could be a granuloma or small cyst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue replaces the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament in a periapical granuloma?

    <p>Granulation tissue, which includes newly formed blood vessels, fibroblasts, and collagen fibrils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the formation of inflammatory exudate in acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Traumatic occlusion or prior pulpitis can trigger the inflammatory exudate formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological feature is commonly found in sections of periapical granulomas?

    <p>Cholesterol clefts, which are remnants of dissolved cholesterol crystals during section preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial radiographic changes may be observed in the case of acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Initially, there may be no changes, but lamina dura may appear hazy later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of a periapical granuloma confirmed?

    <p>Diagnosis is confirmed by removing the lesion and examining it microscopically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the treatment for condensing osteitis vary based on the condition's underlying cause?

    <p>Treatment generally involves the removal of the underlying cause of the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What response might you expect from pulp testing in a non-vital tooth affected by acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>The tooth may not respond to pulp testing if it has undergone pulp necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammatory cells infiltrate a periapical granuloma?

    <p>Chronic inflammatory infiltrate primarily consisting of lymphocytes and plasma cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term outcome after treating the affected tooth in condensing osteitis?

    <p>The bone lesions may resolve over time, showing partial healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What radiographic feature is associated with periapical granuloma?

    <p>A well-defined radiolucent lesion related to the root apex, potentially with a radiopaque margin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the fibrous connective tissue capsule surrounding the granulation tissue in periapical granulomas?

    <p>It is firmly attached to the cementum, often leading to the whole granuloma being removed with the tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dental sclerosis, and what causes it?

    <p>Dental sclerosis, or condensing osteitis, is a periapical inflammatory disease that results from a localized sclerotic reaction to a dental infection, often associated with a non-vital or carious tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the difference between acute and chronic apical periodontitis.

    <p>Acute apical periodontitis is characterized by sudden inflammation and pain, while chronic apical periodontitis results in a prolonged inflammatory response, often with less pronounced symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify a common etiological factor for periapical diseases.

    <p>A common etiological factor for periapical diseases is dental caries leading to pulp necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily indicates the presence of a periapical abscess?

    <p>The presence of a periapical abscess is often indicated by localized pain and swelling at the affected tooth site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does granulation tissue play in chronic apical periodontitis?

    <p>In chronic apical periodontitis, granulation tissue replaces necrotic pulp tissue and inflammatory exudate as part of the body's healing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common histological features of a periapical granuloma?

    <p>Periapical granulomas commonly exhibit a mix of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, along with granulation tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why antibiotics are typically not recommended for acute periodontitis.

    <p>Antibiotics are not typically recommended for acute periodontitis because they do not address the underlying cause, which is often due to pulp disease requiring definitive treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a periapical cyst differ from a periapical granuloma?

    <p>A periapical cyst is a true cyst lined by epithelium, while a periapical granuloma is not encapsulated and consists primarily of inflammatory tissue without epithelial lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phoenix abscess, and how does it differ from a typical periapical abscess?

    <p>A phoenix abscess is an acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion, while a typical periapical abscess arises directly from an acute inflammatory process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary management options for a phoenix abscess?

    <p>Management includes repeat endodontic treatment or tooth extraction, along with antibiotics to control the spread of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is periapical granuloma considered a misnomer?

    <p>Periapical granuloma is termed incorrectly because it does not contain true granulomatous inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify at least two factors that can lead to the formation of a phoenix abscess.

    <p>Factors include inadequate debridement during endodontic treatment and untreated necrotic pulp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms might indicate the worsening of a chronic periapical lesion into a phoenix abscess?

    <p>Symptoms typically involve sudden worsening of pain and swelling, accompanied by possible fever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of dense inflammatory cells affect a periapical abscess?

    <p>The dense inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils, indicate an acute inflammatory response and contribute to pus formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What radiographic feature is typically observed in a periapical granuloma?

    <p>A periapical granuloma presents as a large ill-defined radiolucency around the apex of a non-vital tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the common treatment options for managing a periapical abscess.

    <p>Common treatments include open drainage of pus and endodontic treatment through root canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of chronic apical periodontitis in relation to pulpitis?

    <p>Chronic apical periodontitis primarily arises from the extension of low-grade pulpitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one potential source of infection that can lead to periapical diseases.

    <p>Infection can enter through the gingival cervice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do osteoclasts play in the pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis?

    <p>Osteoclasts are activated, leading to bone resorption in the periapical area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might deep seated restorations contribute to periapical disease?

    <p>Deep seated restorations can lead to odontoiatrogenic infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature can help a patient identify the affected tooth during periapical inflammation?

    <p>The patient typically experiences mild pain or discomfort when biting or chewing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the periapical area due to chronic inflammation and tissue infiltration?

    <p>Chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate the periapical area, leading to granulation tissue formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary inflammatory response in chronic apical periodontitis?

    <p>The primary response includes hyperemia and edema, escalating the inflammatory process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does chronic inflammation have on the periodontal ligament?

    <p>It leads to the formation of granulation tissue, replacing healthy periodontal ligament tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary inflammatory response observed in acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Neutrophil infiltration and engorged blood vessels are the primary responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management is recommended for irreversible pulpitis?

    <p>Root canal treatment is recommended for irreversible pulpitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acute periapical abscess affect the alveolar bone?

    <p>It leads to osteoclastic activity and resorption of the alveolar bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a chronic periapical abscess from an acute one?

    <p>A chronic periapical abscess often develops when the irritant is of low intensity or drains through a sinus tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antibiotics not necessary for managing acute periodontitis?

    <p>Immediate dental treatment typically eliminates the infection source without antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do neutrophils play in the acute inflammatory response to periapical abscess?

    <p>Neutrophils infiltrate the tissue and contribute to the formation of pus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the pathological process leading to an acute periapical abscess?

    <p>It is initiated by bacterial ingress from necrotic pulp tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical feature is seen in the histopathology of acute apical periodontitis?

    <p>Engorged blood vessels and a predominance of neutrophils are typically observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A phoenix abscess is an acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical ______.

    <p>lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improvements to a periapical abscess may involve administering ______ to control the spread of infection.

    <p>antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to perform open access to drain ______ in cases of abscess.

    <p>pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical granuloma is actually a localized mass of chronic inflamed ______ tissue.

    <p>granulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inadequate debridement during the endodontic procedure can lead to a ______ abscess.

    <p>phoenix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by a localized mass of granulation tissue at the apex of a non-vital tooth is called ______ granuloma.

    <p>periapical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of ______ cells is notable in the surrounding area of a periapical abscess.

    <p>neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One common treatment option for managing a phoenix abscess includes repeat ______ treatment.

    <p>endodontic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute onset of pain, redness and hotness, along with a fever and malaise, are considered _____ manifestations.

    <p>systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The offending tooth usually shows a deep _____ or restoration.

    <p>caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain on percussion is a common symptom indicating _____ in the periapical area.

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A radiographic finding in chronic periapical abscesses includes a large ill-defined periapical _____ area.

    <p>radiolucent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once pus starts to drain, the conditions transition to a _____ state.

    <p>chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the early stages of a periapical abscess, there may be _____ changes in bone due to the rapid onset of symptoms.

    <p>no</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central area of a periapical abscess contains _____ tissue along with acute inflammatory cells.

    <p>necrotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient may express a salty _____ as a symptom of chronic periapical abscess.

    <p>taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Periapical inflammation typically occurs around the apical ______.

    <p>foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condensing osteitis is largely ______ and may cause mild pain.

    <p>asymptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inter-radicular perforation is commonly related to an accessory root canal in the ______ area.

    <p>furcation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the causes of periapical disease may be infection through the gingival ______.

    <p>cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute apical periodontitis refers to a localized acute inflammatory change related to the ______ of the tooth.

    <p>apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lesion associated with condensing osteitis appears as a radiopacity blended with the surrounding ______.

    <p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low-grade pulpitis can lead to the extension of chronic ______ in the periapical area.

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pain in acute apical periodontitis is severe even to mere ______.

    <p>touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The infiltration of ______ cells occurs in chronic apical periodontitis.

    <p>inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once the affected tooth has been treated, the bone lesions may ______ over time.

    <p>resolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammation in the periapical area leads to the activation of osteoclasts and ______ resorption.

    <p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients may experience mild pain or slight discomfort due to the presence of proprioceptors in the periodontal ______.

    <p>ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The periodontal space may be slightly ______ in cases of acute apical periodontitis.

    <p>widened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One common cause of periapical disease is ______ infection through the bloodstream.

    <p>hematogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hot or cold substances do not cause pain in the affected tooth due to the condition being ______.

    <p>acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with condensing osteitis primarily include young to ______ adults.

    <p>older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condensing osteitis is a periapical inflammatory disease that results from a localized sclerotic reaction to a dental related ______.

    <p>infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The associated tooth in dental sclerosis may be ______ or contains a large restoration.

    <p>carious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dental sclerosis is also known as condensing ______.

    <p>osteitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sclerotic reaction in dental sclerosis results in the production of more bone rather than bone ______.

    <p>destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apical periodontitis can be classified into ______ and chronic types.

    <p>acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical ______ can occur in both acute and chronic forms, depending on the duration of the inflammatory process.

    <p>abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a ______ in the periapical area is associated with conditions such as synovitis and arthritis from dental infections.

    <p>granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The definition of dental sclerosis (condensing osteitis) includes a localized ______ reaction to a dental related infection.

    <p>sclerotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tooth is sensitive to percussion due to hyperemia, edema and inflammation of the ______.

    <p>apical periodontal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A well-defined radiolucent lesion related to the root apex may indicate a ______.

    <p>periapical granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The size of a periapical granuloma ranges from ______ to 1.5 cm in diameter.

    <p>0.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histological evaluation is necessary to differentiate between a periapical granuloma and a small ______.

    <p>periapical cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The granulation tissue in a periapical granuloma is surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue ______.

    <p>capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in periapical granulomas primarily consists of lymphocytes and ______.

    <p>plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol clefts are formed when cholesterol crystals are dissolved during the preparation of a ______.

    <p>histologic section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diagnosis of a periapical granuloma can be confirmed by removal of the lesion and submission for ______.

    <p>microscopic examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the periapical diseases with their definitions:

    <p>Dental sclerosis = Localized sclerotic reaction to dental infection Apical periodontitis = Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth Periapical abscess = Collection of pus due to infection in the periapical area Periapical granuloma = Chronic inflammatory tissue at the apex of a non-vital tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the periapical diseases with their common features:

    <p>Dental sclerosis = Harder and denser bone formation Apical periodontitis = May be acute or chronic Periapical abscess = Characterized by swelling and pain Periapical cyst = Fluid-filled sac in periapical tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the etiology of periapical diseases with their causes:

    <p>Dental sclerosis = Carious tooth or large restoration Apical periodontitis = Infection of the pulp Periapical abscess = Bacterial invasion from necrotic pulp Periapical granuloma = Chronic inflammation response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of apical periodontitis with their characteristics:

    <p>Acute apical periodontitis = Sharp pain on percussion Chronic apical periodontitis = May be asymptomatic Acute periapical abscess = Sudden onset of severe pain Chronic periapical abscess = Intermittent pain and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the periapical conditions with their treatment approaches:

    <p>Dental sclerosis = Observation and monitoring Apical periodontitis = Root canal treatment Periapical abscess = Drainage and antibiotics Periapical granuloma = Surgical removal if symptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the patients' immunity characteristics with the reactions observed:

    <p>Good immunity = More bone production Low immunity = Potential for bone destruction Chronic inflammation = Sustained tissue response Acute infection = Immediate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the clinical features of periapical diseases with their descriptions:

    <p>Dental sclerosis = Opacity on radiographs Apical periodontitis = Tenderness on palpation Periapical abscess = Radiolucency on imaging Periapical cyst = Well-defined radiolucency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms related to periapical diseases with their descriptions:

    <p>Condensing osteitis = Chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis Apical periodontitis = Infection-related inflammation at tooth root Periapical abscess = Accumulation of pus indicative of infection Periapical granuloma = Histologically confirmed chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features with the appropriate dental conditions:

    <p>Condensing osteitis = Largely asymptomatic with mild pain Acute apical periodontitis = Severe localized pain on touch Periapical granuloma = Granulation tissue presence Periapical abscess = Formation of pus in the periapical area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Apical periodontitis = Localized inflammatory change related to tooth apex Radiopacity = Area appearing denser than surrounding bone on X-ray Lamina dura = Bordering bone structure around the tooth root Periodontal ligament = Tissue surrounding teeth, sensitive to pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the listed symptoms with their corresponding dental conditions:

    <p>Mild pain = Condensing osteitis Severe pain from cold stimulus = Acute apical periodontitis Visible on X-ray as radiopacity = Condensing osteitis Hazy lamina dura = Acute apical periodontitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following treatments with the respective dental conditions:

    <p>Condensing osteitis = Removal of underlying cause Acute apical periodontitis = Treatment of pulp or restoration Periapical abscess = Drainage of pus Periapical granuloma = Possible surgical excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following patient histories with the relevant conditions:

    <p>Previous pulpitis = Acute apical periodontitis Routine dental visit with X-rays = Condensing osteitis History of high spot restoration = Acute apical periodontitis Tooth discolored due to pulp death = Acute apical periodontitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clinical features with their definitions:

    <p>Localized acute pain = Pain felt when tapping on the affected tooth Hazy appearance on X-ray = Indicates possible inflammatory changes Asymptomatic progression = No noticeable symptoms during routine check-ups Increased bite pressure = Results from inflammation in periodontal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the etiology with the associated condition:

    <p>Traumatic occlusion = Acute apical periodontitis Necrotic pulp = Acute apical periodontitis Reversible pulpitis = Acute apical periodontitis Low-grade irritation = Dental sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the finding with its significance in dental diagnosis:

    <p>Widened periodontal space = Signs of apical periodontitis Radiopacity in periapical area = Indicates condensing osteitis Slight haziness of lamina dura = Radiographic sign of inflammation Non-responsiveness to pulp tester = Indicates necrotic pulp condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to periapical conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Periapical = Around the apical foramen Lateral = Related to an accessory root canal Inter-radicular = Associated with odontoiatrogenic perforation in the furcation area Chronic apical periodontitis = Inflammation associated with chronic cells infiltrating the periapical area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the etiological factors of periapical disease with their descriptions:

    <p>Extension of low-grade pulpitis = Progression of untreated pulp inflammation Trauma = Physical injury causing pulp damage Hematogenous infection = Infection spread through the bloodstream Odontoiatrogenic = Due to mistakes in dental procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the clinical features with their respective implications:

    <p>Mild pain on biting = Localizes the affected tooth Slight discomfort = Indicates possible periapical inflammation No pain = May still indicate an underlying dental issue Proprioceptors in periodontal ligament = Help in tooth localization during pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the inflammatory processes with their consequences:

    <p>Hyperemia = Increased blood flow Edema = Swelling due to fluid accumulation Granulation tissue formation = Body's attempt to wall off infection Osteoclast activation = Leads to bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources of infection with their description:

    <p>Gingival cervice = Infection pathway from the gums Pulpitis = Inflammation of the tooth pulp Deep seated restorations = Potential cause of odontoiatrogenic infection Non-sterile root canal instruments = Contribute to recurrent infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pathophysiological events in chronic apical periodontitis:

    <p>Periodontal ligament involvement = Associated with chronic inflammatory response Granuloma formation = Replaces necrotic tissue Pressure buildup = Results from inflammatory edema Bone resorption = Activated by osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of inflammation with their typical manifestations:

    <p>Acute phase = Initial painful swelling Chronic phase = Persistent discomfort and gradual tissue changes Resolution phase = Restoration of normal function Exacerbation = Flares up previous symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following inflammatory response components with their functions:

    <p>Proprioceptors = Help identify tooth affected by pain Systemic response = Can lead to fever or malaise Localized infection = Involves granulation tissue formation Bone activation = Involves osteoclasts and potential resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Acute apical periodontitis = Localized acute inflammatory reaction with neutrophils at the apex Periapical abscess = Suppurative condition in the periapical area of a non-vital tooth Chronic periapical abscess = Typically results from low-intensity irritant and pus drainage Irreversible pulpitis = Requires root canal treatment for management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the causes with their related conditions:

    <p>Pulp necrosis = Allows bacterial ingress to periapical tissue Decayed broken tooth = Common etiology for periapical diseases Traumatic injury = Can lead to pulpitis and consequent periapical conditions Intense microorganism infection = Results in acute inflammation and pus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of inflammatory response with its characteristics:

    <p>Acute inflammation = Characterized by vasodilatation and neutrophil infiltration Chronic inflammation = Involves prolonged immune response and tissue remodeling Suppuration = Formation of pus due to necrosis and inflammatory response Exacerbation of granuloma = Acute flare-up of a previously existing periapical condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medical management with the appropriate condition:

    <p>Reversible pulpitis = Remove irritant only Irreversible pulpitis = Requires root canal treatment Acute periodontitis = No antibiotics needed for treatment Periapical abscess = May require drainage to alleviate symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the outcome with the related trigger:

    <p>Acute periapical abscess = Resulting from intense irritant and pus formation Bone resorption = Stimulation by pus during an acute periapical condition Chronic periapical condition = Caused by low-intensity irritants persisting over time Inflammatory fluid extravasation = Initial response to periapical tissue irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stage of periapical abscess with the respective characteristics:

    <p>Acute stage = Rapid accumulation of pus and severe pain Chronic stage = Characterized by intermittent symptoms and pus drainage Suppuration phase = Necrosis of cells leading to pus formation Exudative phase = Swelling and fluid accumulation around the affected site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the dental management with the associated conditions:

    <p>Root canal treatment = Indicated for irreversible pulpitis Drainage = Common management for acute periapical abscess Pulp vitality preservation = Applicable in reversible pulpitis cases Extraction = Might be necessary when periapical condition is non-responsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the inflammatory cells with their role in periapical conditions:

    <p>Neutrophils = Primary cells found in acute inflammation Lymphocytes = Involved in chronic inflammatory infiltrate Osteoclasts = Responsible for bone resorption during inflammation Macrophages = Involved in the clearance of pathogens in the inflamed area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clinical features with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Tooth elongation = Tooth feels longer or extruded from socket Sensitivity to percussion = Indicates hyperemia, edema, and inflammation Non-vital response = Tooth does not respond to pulp tester Radiolucent lesion = Well-defined lesion related to root apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lesion sizes with their possible diagnoses:

    <p>0.5 cm to 1.5 cm = Could be periapical granuloma or small periapical cyst Larger than 1.5 cm = Likely a periapical cyst Less than 0.5 cm = Considered unclassifiable based on provided sizes Exact 1.5 cm = Cannot reliably differentiate without histological evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of granulation tissue with their characteristics:

    <p>Newly formed blood vessels = Increase blood supply to the area Newly formed fibroblasts = Contribute to tissue repair Newly formed collagen fibrils = Support structural integrity Fibrous connective tissue capsule = Surrounds the granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chronic inflammatory cells with their descriptions:

    <p>Lymphocytes = Type of white blood cell involved in immune response Plasma cells = Producing antibodies in response to antigens Cholesterol crystals = Seen in granulation tissue and dissolve during preparation Empty spaces = Result from the dissolution of cholesterol crystals during histology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps with their corresponding processes in histological evaluation:

    <p>Granulation tissue presence = Indicates chronic inflammation Histological examination = Confirms diagnosis after lesion removal Microscopic sections = Require careful preparation to avoid crystal dissolution Fibrous connective tissue attachment = Facilitates removal with the extracted tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diagnosis features with their evaluation methods:

    <p>Size of lesions = Helps to differentiate granuloma from cyst Pulp vitality test = Determines the response status of the tooth Radiographic assessment = Identifies typical lesion characteristics Histological evaluation = Most definitive for diagnosis confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following histopathological features with their descriptions:

    <p>Cholesterol clefts = Empty spaces seen in prepared sections Granulation tissue = Replaces periodontal ligament during inflammation Chronic inflammation = Involves infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells Fibrous capsule = Encapsulates and isolates granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to periapical granuloma with their implications:

    <p>Granuloma size = Indicates whether further diagnostic steps are needed Response to pulp testing = Helps in identifying the vitality of the tooth Radiolucent lesion features = Defines the radiographic appearance of the lesion Histological confirmation = Determines the exact nature of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Foam cells = Macrophages that engulf lipoid material Cholesterol clefts = Structures surrounding foreign body giant cells Epithelial rest of Malassez = Source of epithelium in granulomas Inflammatory periodontal cyst = Result of epithelial proliferation and disintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following management options with their corresponding tooth condition:

    <p>If the tooth is restorable = Endodontic treatment If the tooth is non-restorable = Extraction Acute or chronic abscess = Failure of granuloma to maintain balance Inflammatory periapical cyst = Consequent to disintegration of epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following patient experiences with their corresponding conditions:

    <p>Pulpitis = Patient unable to localize the offending tooth Periapical disease = Patient can identify the offending tooth Granuloma breakdown = Could become an acute or chronic abscess Presence of proprioceptors = Localizes pain in periapical disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their relevant diseases:

    <p>Pulp inflammation = Usually not localized Periapical inflammation = Pain is typically localized Chronic apical periodontitis = Often involves granulation tissue Periapical granuloma = May harbor cholesterol crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sequelae with their causes:

    <p>Acute abscess = Breakdown of granuloma Chronic abscess = Ongoing irritant presence Inflammatory cyst = Disintegration of epithelial strands Direct tooth extraction = Non-restorable teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their related processes:

    <p>Epithelial proliferation = Originates from Malassez Macrophage action = Results in foam cells Giant cell formation = Response to foreign body presence Granuloma development = Result of irritant disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oral pathology concepts with their implications:

    <p>Tooth restoration = When tooth is viable Tooth extraction = When tooth is not viable Acute pain identification = Associated with periapical disease Inflammatory cyst development = Follows epithelial disintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of cells with their roles in periapical conditions:

    <p>Macrophages = Engulf lipoid material Multinucleated giant cells = Surround cholesterol clefts Epithelial cells = Proliferate in granulomas Proprioceptors = Help localize pain in periapical diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary management option for irreversible pulpitis?

    <p>Root canal treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are necessary for managing acute periodontitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition involves pus formation in the periapical area of a non-vital tooth?

    <p>Periapical abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common systemic manifestation associated with periapical abscess?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intense pain in a periapical abscess is typically localized and immediate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute periapical abscess formation leads to the __________ of cells and leucocytes.

    <p>necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells primarily contribute to the formation of pus in a periapical abscess?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chronic periapical abscess may cause a ______ sensation during mastication due to draining.

    <p>slight discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause a periapical abscess?

    <p>Intense irritant from pulp tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical abscess can only develop from a broken tooth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the clinical features with their descriptions:

    <p>Intense pain = Localized pain due to the triggering of proprioceptors Pus formation = Contains necrotic tissue and inflammatory cells Swelling = Results from bone resorption and presence of pus No response to pulp tester = Indicates pulp necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cell type associated with the acute inflammatory response in a periapical abscess?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically seen in the early stages of a periapical abscess?

    <p>No changes in radiograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic periapical abscesses are usually accompanied by intense pain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pain sensation once drainage occurs in an acute periapical abscess?

    <p>The pain subsides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phoenix abscess?

    <p>An acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are used to manage a phoenix abscess to control the spread of infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a periapical granuloma?

    <p>A localized mass of chronic inflamed granulation tissue at the apex of a non-vital tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management of a periapical abscess includes open access to drain ______.

    <p>pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the management approach with its condition:

    <p>Phoenix abscess = Repeat endodontic treatment or tooth extraction Periapical granuloma = Observation or root canal therapy Periapical abscess = Open access to drain pus Chronic apical periodontitis = Root canal therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might trigger a phoenix abscess?

    <p>Untreated necrotic pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical granuloma is considered a true granuloma due to the presence of granulomatous inflammation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of a phoenix abscess?

    <p>Sudden worsening of symptoms of a chronic periapical lesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of dental sclerosis?

    <p>Localized sclerotic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of dental condition is generally associated with condensing osteitis?

    <p>Carious tooth or large restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical abscess can be categorized into _____ and _____ forms.

    <p>acute, chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following periapical diseases with their characteristics:

    <p>Condensing osteitis = Localized sclerotic reaction Apical periodontitis = Inflammation of periapical tissues Periapical abscess = Suppurative condition Periapical granuloma = Granulation tissue formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a hardening of the bone around the tooth?

    <p>Condensing osteitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A periapical cyst is classified under periapical diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dental sclerosis, the reaction results from a _____ inflammatory stimulus.

    <p>low-grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an etiology for periapical disease?

    <p>Inadequate flossing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematogenous infection can arise as a cause of periapical disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly leads to odontoiatrogenic infections in endodontic therapy?

    <p>Deep seated restorations and faulty procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammation in the periapical area leads to the activation of __________, resulting in bone resorption.

    <p>osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature may indicate the presence of periapical inflammation?

    <p>Mild discomfort during chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granulation tissue formation is a normal response to chronic apical periodontitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of hyperemia and edema in the context of chronic periodontitis?

    <p>Increased pressure leading to granulation tissue formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells are commonly found in granulomas that represent macrophages engulfing lipoid material?

    <p>Foam cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proliferation and disintegration of epithelium in periapical granulomas leads to the formation of an inflammatory periodontal cyst.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management for a tooth that is deemed non-restorable?

    <p>Extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the balance between irritant and body resistance is disturbed, the granuloma may break down to become an acute or chronic _____

    <p>abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical characteristic differentiates pulp diseases from periapical diseases?

    <p>The patient cannot localize the offending tooth in pulp diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol clefts are surrounded by lymphocytes in granuloma formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when strands or islands of epithelium proliferate and disintegrate?

    <p>They give rise to an inflammatory periapical cyst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oral Pathology - Diseases of the Periapical Tissues

    • Scope: This study focuses on diseases related to the periapical area surrounding teeth.

    • Timeline: 2022-2023

    Sequelae of Dental Caries

    • Dental Caries Progression: Enamel caries, dentin caries, focal reversible pulpitis, acute pulpitis, chronic pulpitis are stages leading to pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.

    • Spread of Infection: Direct spread (abscess, cellulitis), vascular spread (thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, osteomyelitis), and lymphatic spread (lymphadenitis) result in infection dissemination.

    Pathology of the Periapical Area

    • Classification of Periapical Diseases: The diseases are dental sclerosis (condensing osteitis), apical periodontitis (acute and chronic), periapical abscess (acute and chronic), periapical granuloma, and periapical cyst.

    • Dental Sclerosis (Condensing Osteitis): An inflammatory periapical disease, often associated with a non-vital tooth or caries, leading to bone formation instead of destruction. It typically occurs in the jaw area near molar roots. Primarily affects young adults to older adults and is commonly discovered during routine dental checkups with X-rays. Symptoms can include mild pain; sometimes, no pain is present.

    • Apical Periodontitis: Inflammation of periapical tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth. Characterized by acute and chronic forms. Symptoms include pain: severe, localized, present to touch; hot and cold stimuli do not cause pain; respond to pulp tester (vital) or not (non-vital).

    • Periapical Abscess: A suppurative condition (pus formation) in the periapical region of a non-vital tooth. Acute or chronic forms exist. Pathogenesis includes extension of the infection from pulp tissue or an acute exacerbation of periapical granuloma. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and possible sinus tract development; occasionally, a salty taste may be present.

    • Periapical Granuloma: A mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue at the apex of a non-vital tooth. Not a true granuloma. Classifications include periapical, lateral, and inter-radicular. Potential etiologies include low-grade pulpitis, infection through the gingival cervix, trauma, or hematogenous infection.

    • Periapical Cyst: Further detailed information about periapical cysts is located in a separate chapter.

    Main Differences Between Pulp and Periapical Diseases

    • Pulp Diseases (Pulpitis): Patient may not be able to identify the tooth; pain is not localized; no tooth elongation; not sensitive to percussion; pulp responds to testing (vital); no periapical changes on radiographs.

    • Periapical Diseases: Patient can identify the tooth, pain is localized; tooth elongation; sensitive to percussion; pulp does not respond to testing (non-vital); periapical changes may be present on radiographs.

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    Periapical Diseases Handout PDF 2024-2025 - Dr. Safaa El-Baz

    Description

    This quiz explores diseases related to the periapical tissues surrounding teeth, including the sequelae of dental caries and various classifications of periapical diseases. Test your knowledge on the progression of dental caries, the spread of infection, and specific conditions like dental sclerosis and apical periodontitis.

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