Oral Mucosa Pathology Quiz

<p>Dilation and proliferation of blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any mucosal lesions, including OLP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation or increased vascularity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperparathyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferring a second scrape to a transport medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses sterile plastic foam pads. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sabouraud agar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suggests a potential infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 400 CFU/mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiation may assist in the diagnostic process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pagano-Levin agar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify candidal organisms using PAS staining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miconazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nystatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying and addressing predisposing factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They disrupt the production of ergosterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infection may disappear even without antifungal treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing the denture in antimicrobial solutions at night (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discoloration of dentures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compliance failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itraconazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denture stomatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased growth of pathogenic microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retapamulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance is not a concern with polyenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition mainly affecting the corners of the mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythematous candidiasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythematous candidiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A white irremovable plaque (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffuse border (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomembranous candidiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic use and smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Azoles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moisturizing cream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact dermatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good, with a significant reduction in risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If immunosuppressive factors emerge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical white folds oriented like a palisade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as a marker for disease activity in HIV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk for malignant transformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be superinfected with candidal strains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiviral medication that prevents EBV replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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A common fungal infection in the mouth, often associated with denture use, causing swelling, redness, and pain.

Cracks or sores at the corners of the mouth, often caused by Candida, but sometimes bacteria.

A smooth, red, diamond-shaped area in the middle of the tongue, often associated with Candida, but bacteria may also contribute.

The most common type of oral candidiasis, characterized by white, cheesy patches that can be easily scraped off, leaving an inflamed, sometimes bleeding area.

A form of oral candidiasis characterized by a red, smooth surface, often seen in the palate and tongue of patients using inhaled steroids.

An older name for chronic plaque-type candidiasis, characterized by white, non-removable patches that may mimic leukoplakia.

A type of chronic oral candidiasis featuring white, non-removable plaques that can resemble oral leukoplakia.

A form of Candida infection characterized by small, raised bumps or nodules.

An increase in the number of keratinocytes leading to a thicker, whiter layer of oral mucosa.

An abnormal, but benign thickening of the stratum spinosum layer in the oral mucosa.

Fluid accumulation within cells (intracellular) or the spaces between cells (extracellular) in the oral epithelium, contributing to a white appearance.

White patches consisting of shed epithelial cells, fungal threads, and white blood cells loosely attached to the oral mucosa.

Thinning of the oral epithelium due to a decrease in epithelial cells, making the mucosa appear redder.

Increased blood vessel size (dilation) and/or growth (proliferation) in the oral mucosa, resulting in a red appearance.

A flat lesion on the oral mucosa that differs in color from the surrounding tissue due to increased blood vessels or pigmentation.

The immune response that causes oral lichen planus (OLP) and lichenoid contact reactions (LCRs).

A condition where the body's immune system is weakened, making it susceptible to fungal infections like Candida albicans.

A type of oral candidiasis characterized by white patches that can be easily scraped off, revealing a red, inflamed surface underneath.

A laboratory technique that involves taking a sample from the infected area and staining it to visualize Candida yeast cells and hyphae.

A laboratory technique that involves transferring a sample from the infected area to a special agar plate for culturing Candida yeast cells.

A type of oral candidiasis that affects the soft palate and the back of the tongue.

A common type of oral candidiasis where white patches appear on the tongue and mouth, often due to underlying conditions like weakened immune systems or denture use.

A technique used to identify the presence of fungal organisms in tissue samples, often used in diagnosing oral candidiasis.

Commonly used antifungal drugs used in the treatment of various fungal infections, including oral candidiasis, that disrupt the fungal cell membrane.

Antifungal agents used in treating a range of fungal infections, including oral candidiasis, that work by inhibiting the production of an essential fungal cell membrane component.

The process of removing nutrients and microorganisms from dentures, playing a vital role in controlling fungal infections like denture stomatitis.

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a condition characterized by white, hairy-looking patches on the tongue, often associated with a weakened immune system.

OHL is most commonly associated with HIV infection, specifically with low CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, making it a potential indicator of disease progression.

While OHL is strongly associated with HIV, it can also occur in individuals with other conditions that suppress the immune system, such as certain medications or chemotherapy.

EBV, or the Epstein-Barr virus, plays a key role in the development of OHL. Antiviral medications that target EBV replication can effectively treat the condition, further supporting EBV's involvement.

The presence of OHL often coincides with a decrease in CD1a Langerhans’ cells, cells that are crucial for immune defense within the oral mucosa.

OHL typically appears on the sides of the tongue but can also be found on the top or inside of the cheeks.

OHL is often asymptomatic, meaning it doesn't cause any discomfort. However, if a secondary infection, such as from Candida, occurs, symptoms like pain or irritation may arise.

Antiviral medications that target EBV replication are the primary treatment for OHL, effectively clearing the lesions and preventing its recurrence.

Treatment of choice for angular cheilitis, commonly caused by both S.aureus and Candida. It effectively controls both bacterial and fungal growth.

A topical antifungal drug that can be used as a supplementary treatment for angular cheilitis, particularly for S.aureus infections.

A milder topical corticosteroid that may be used in angular cheilitis to reduce inflammation and redness, especially around the fissure.

Treatment of choice for denture stomatitis, often caused by Candida. It directly targets fungal growth.

Can be used for treating deeper, chronic Candida infections like denture stomatitis, but has potential side effects and drug interactions.

A common side effect of azoles where they can increase bleeding risk when used simultaneously with blood thinners.

A significant concern with long-term use of azoles, especially in individuals with HIV disease.

Alternative antifungal drugs, such as ketoconazole and itraconazole, may be used when fluconazole resistance develops.