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Questions and Answers
Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of White Sponge Nevus?
Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of White Sponge Nevus?
- Painful lesions (correct)
- Occurs in buccal mucosa
- Asymptomatic
- Symmetrical distribution
Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis (HBID) is an autosomal dominant condition.
Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis (HBID) is an autosomal dominant condition.
True (A)
Name one common area where oral lesions of Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis are found.
Name one common area where oral lesions of Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis are found.
Buccal mucosa
The oral lesions of White Sponge Nevus are typically characterized by ______ appearance.
The oral lesions of White Sponge Nevus are typically characterized by ______ appearance.
Match the following features with their corresponding oral condition:
Match the following features with their corresponding oral condition:
What histopathological feature is associated with White Sponge Nevus?
What histopathological feature is associated with White Sponge Nevus?
Stretching the buccal mucosa can help differentiate Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis from other lesions.
Stretching the buccal mucosa can help differentiate Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis from other lesions.
What is the primary treatment for White Sponge Nevus?
What is the primary treatment for White Sponge Nevus?
What is hyperkeratosis characterized by?
What is hyperkeratosis characterized by?
Leukoedema primarily affects individuals of Asian descent.
Leukoedema primarily affects individuals of Asian descent.
Name two causative factors of leukoedema.
Name two causative factors of leukoedema.
Dysplasia is an abnormality of development or an epithelial anomaly of __________.
Dysplasia is an abnormality of development or an epithelial anomaly of __________.
Which of the following is a type of hereditary condition listed among white lesions?
Which of the following is a type of hereditary condition listed among white lesions?
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Intracellular edema of epithelial cells is a feature of white lesions.
Intracellular edema of epithelial cells is a feature of white lesions.
What is the thickness of the epidermis mentioned in the content?
What is the thickness of the epidermis mentioned in the content?
What is the mode of inheritance for Follicular Keratosis?
What is the mode of inheritance for Follicular Keratosis?
Follicular keratosis primarily affects the oral cavity and does not involve the skin.
Follicular keratosis primarily affects the oral cavity and does not involve the skin.
What are the favored oral mucosal sites affected by follicular keratosis?
What are the favored oral mucosal sites affected by follicular keratosis?
Acantholytic process is the clinical and pathogenic end result from several __________.
Acantholytic process is the clinical and pathogenic end result from several __________.
Match the following clinical features of Follicular Keratosis with their descriptions:
Match the following clinical features of Follicular Keratosis with their descriptions:
Which vitamin is commonly used in the treatment of Follicular Keratosis?
Which vitamin is commonly used in the treatment of Follicular Keratosis?
The prognosis for individuals with Follicular Keratosis is generally good, with most cases being benign.
The prognosis for individuals with Follicular Keratosis is generally good, with most cases being benign.
What are the common side effects of using Vitamin A analogues for treating Follicular Keratosis?
What are the common side effects of using Vitamin A analogues for treating Follicular Keratosis?
Skin manifestations of Follicular Keratosis include small, skin-colored papular lesions ________ distributed over the face.
Skin manifestations of Follicular Keratosis include small, skin-colored papular lesions ________ distributed over the face.
What distinguishes Follicular Keratosis from Acanthosis Nigricans in terms of lesions?
What distinguishes Follicular Keratosis from Acanthosis Nigricans in terms of lesions?
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Study Notes
Surface Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
- White lesions result from light scattering due to altered mucosal surfaces.
- Mucosal changes include hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia of the stratum malpighii, and intracellular edema of epithelial cells.
Etiology of White Lesions
- Causes include physical trauma, tobacco use, genetic abnormalities, mucocutaneous diseases, and inflammatory reactions.
Categories of White Lesions
- Include hereditary conditions, reactive lesions, and other non-epithelial (e.g., yellow) lesions.
Hereditary Conditions
- Leukoedema, White Sponge Nevus, Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis (HBID), and Follicular Keratosis.
The Epidermis
- Protective outer layer of cells, approximately 0.12mm thick, regenerates every month.
Common Terminologies
- Hyperplasia: Increase in cell number leading to organ enlargement.
- Dysplasia: Abnormal development or epithelial anomalies.
- Hyperkeratosis: Thickening of the stratum corneum, often due to excess keratin.
- Parakeratosis: Keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum.
- Dyskeratosis: Premature keratinization below the stratum granulosum.
- Acanthosis: Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia indicating thickening of stratum basale and spinosum.
- Acantholysis: Loss of cell connections, leading to decreased cohesion among keratinocytes.
Leukoedema
- Primarily affects the black population.
- Causes are not definitively known but can be linked to smoking, alcohol ingestion, bacterial infections, and poor oral hygiene.
White Sponge Nevus
- Clinical features include asymptomatic, symmetrical gray-white diffuse surface lesions with textural changes.
- Histopathology shows parakeratotic and acantholytic epithelium with marked intracellular edema.
- Differential diagnosis includes leukoplakia and HBID; stretching helps differentiate lesions.
- No treatment is required, as it is non-malignant.
Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis (HBID)
- Also called Witkop's disease; follows an autosomal dominant pattern.
- Characterized by early onset symptoms, including bulbar conjunctivitis and a range of oral lesions.
- Oral lesions appear soft, white, and elastic, affecting various mucosal sites and intensifying with age.
Follicular Keratosis
- Inherited as an autosomal dominant condition (Darier's disease).
- Manifests through skin lesions, including greasy papules and thickening of palms and soles.
- Involves keratinized oral mucosal regions causing small whitish papules.
- Histologically resembles cutaneous lesions with specific clefts and acantholytic cells.
Treatment and Prognosis
- HBID typically requires no treatment.
- Follicular keratosis may be treated with vitamin A and its analogs, noting potential side effects like cheilitis and elevated liver enzymes.
- Both conditions are non-malignant but chronic and slowly progressive with varying remission rates.
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