Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cellular component is the first to respond to bacterial invasion in gingival tissues?
Which cellular component is the first to respond to bacterial invasion in gingival tissues?
- Plasma cells
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophages
- Neutrophils (correct)
How do complement proteins contribute to host defense in the oral cavity?
How do complement proteins contribute to host defense in the oral cavity?
- Opsonization and direct lysis of bacteria (correct)
- Activation of cytotoxic T-cells
- Antibody production
- Antigen presentation
Which immunoglobulin is predominantly found in saliva, providing a first line of defense against oral pathogens?
Which immunoglobulin is predominantly found in saliva, providing a first line of defense against oral pathogens?
- IgM
- IgE
- IgG
- IgA (correct)
The inflammatory response in periodontal disease is primarily driven by the host's reaction to which of the following?
The inflammatory response in periodontal disease is primarily driven by the host's reaction to which of the following?
Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies against specific oral pathogens?
Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies against specific oral pathogens?
What is a primary function of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease?
What is a primary function of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease?
How do macrophages in the oral mucosa contribute to host defense?
How do macrophages in the oral mucosa contribute to host defense?
What compromises the non-specific host defense mechanism involving the physical barrier of the oral epithelium?
What compromises the non-specific host defense mechanism involving the physical barrier of the oral epithelium?
Which of the following is an example of a non-immune host defense mechanism in the oral cavity?
Which of the following is an example of a non-immune host defense mechanism in the oral cavity?
An allergic reaction in the oral cavity, such as to latex gloves, is primarily mediated by which type of hypersensitivity reaction and immunoglobulin?
An allergic reaction in the oral cavity, such as to latex gloves, is primarily mediated by which type of hypersensitivity reaction and immunoglobulin?
Which enzyme present in saliva has antimicrobial properties by breaking down bacterial cell walls?
Which enzyme present in saliva has antimicrobial properties by breaking down bacterial cell walls?
Which salivary component helps to buffer acids produced by bacteria in the biofilm during the development of dental caries?
Which salivary component helps to buffer acids produced by bacteria in the biofilm during the development of dental caries?
In the context of wound healing in the oral cavity, which cell type is crucial for collagen synthesis and tissue repair after an injury or surgery?
In the context of wound healing in the oral cavity, which cell type is crucial for collagen synthesis and tissue repair after an injury or surgery?
A patient with neutropenia (low neutrophil count) would most likely be at an increased risk of developing which oral condition?
A patient with neutropenia (low neutrophil count) would most likely be at an increased risk of developing which oral condition?
What is the process by which immune cells are attracted to the site of inflammation in the oral cavity by chemical signals called?
What is the process by which immune cells are attracted to the site of inflammation in the oral cavity by chemical signals called?
Which feature is characteristic of chronic inflammation in periodontal disease, reflecting a prolonged immune response?
Which feature is characteristic of chronic inflammation in periodontal disease, reflecting a prolonged immune response?
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gingival tissues present processed antigens to which cells to initiate the adaptive immune response?
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gingival tissues present processed antigens to which cells to initiate the adaptive immune response?
Pro-inflammatory mediators from periodontal lesions can enter the systemic circulation and potentially contribute to:
Pro-inflammatory mediators from periodontal lesions can enter the systemic circulation and potentially contribute to:
In managing patients with autoimmune diseases affecting the oral cavity, understanding the dysregulation of their immune system is crucial because these diseases involve:
In managing patients with autoimmune diseases affecting the oral cavity, understanding the dysregulation of their immune system is crucial because these diseases involve:
Vaccination against oral-related pathogens would primarily stimulate which arm of the adaptive immune system?
Vaccination against oral-related pathogens would primarily stimulate which arm of the adaptive immune system?
What is the main function of secretory IgA in saliva?
What is the main function of secretory IgA in saliva?
Which of the following is the most direct mechanism by which the complement system defends against bacteria in the oral cavity?
Which of the following is the most direct mechanism by which the complement system defends against bacteria in the oral cavity?
In addition to its antimicrobial properties, what is another important role of saliva in maintaining oral health?
In addition to its antimicrobial properties, what is another important role of saliva in maintaining oral health?
What is the most significant consequence of tissue injury to the oral epithelium related to host defense?
What is the most significant consequence of tissue injury to the oral epithelium related to host defense?
Which of the following cell types is most directly involved in the adaptive immune response following antigen presentation by macrophages?
Which of the following cell types is most directly involved in the adaptive immune response following antigen presentation by macrophages?
What would be the most likely outcome of administering a vaccine targeting a specific oral pathogen?
What would be the most likely outcome of administering a vaccine targeting a specific oral pathogen?
What is the primary mechanism by which neutrophils contribute to the control of fungal infections in the oral cavity?
What is the primary mechanism by which neutrophils contribute to the control of fungal infections in the oral cavity?
Which of the following conditions involves an immune response directed against the body's own oral tissues?
Which of the following conditions involves an immune response directed against the body's own oral tissues?
In what way does collagen synthesis by fibroblasts contribute to oral wound healing following surgery?
In what way does collagen synthesis by fibroblasts contribute to oral wound healing following surgery?
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to periodontal disease?
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to periodontal disease?
What is the primary mechanism by which secretory IgA protects against viral antigens in the oral cavity?
What is the primary mechanism by which secretory IgA protects against viral antigens in the oral cavity?
How does the flushing action of saliva contribute to non-immune host defense?
How does the flushing action of saliva contribute to non-immune host defense?
What is the role of MHC molecules in antigen presentation by macrophages?
What is the role of MHC molecules in antigen presentation by macrophages?
Which aspect of the interrelationship between oral and systemic health explains the ability of oral inflammation to affect conditions like cardiovascular disease negatively?
Which aspect of the interrelationship between oral and systemic health explains the ability of oral inflammation to affect conditions like cardiovascular disease negatively?
Why are neutrophils more associated with acute inflammation compared to chronic inflammation?
Why are neutrophils more associated with acute inflammation compared to chronic inflammation?
Which hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE antibodies binding to mast cells and basophils?
Which hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE antibodies binding to mast cells and basophils?
Which component of saliva directly targets the structural components of bacteria?
Which component of saliva directly targets the structural components of bacteria?
The ability of immune cells to move toward a stimulus in the damaged oral cavity is called?
The ability of immune cells to move toward a stimulus in the damaged oral cavity is called?
Autoimmune diseases in the oral cavity involve:
Autoimmune diseases in the oral cavity involve:
The main reason bacterial biofilm promotes the destruction of periodontal tissues is
The main reason bacterial biofilm promotes the destruction of periodontal tissues is
Flashcards
Neutrophils
Neutrophils
The first cellular component of the immune system to respond to bacterial invasion in the gingival tissues with acute inflammation.
Complement proteins function
Complement proteins function
Enhances phagocytosis and directly lyses certain microorganisms.
Secretory IgA
Secretory IgA
Predominantly found in saliva, it neutralizes pathogens and prevents their adherence to oral surfaces.
Inflammatory response in periodontal disease
Inflammatory response in periodontal disease
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Plasma cells
Plasma cells
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines function
Pro-inflammatory cytokines function
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Macrophages function
Macrophages function
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Compromised non-specific host defense
Compromised non-specific host defense
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Flushing Action of Saliva
Flushing Action of Saliva
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Type I hypersensitivity reactions
Type I hypersensitivity reactions
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Lysozyme
Lysozyme
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Bicarbonate role
Bicarbonate role
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Fibroblasts function
Fibroblasts function
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Neutrophils and neutropenia
Neutrophils and neutropenia
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Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis
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Chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation
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Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) function
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) function
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Oral health and systemic diseases
Oral health and systemic diseases
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Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases
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Vaccination and Adaptive immunity
Vaccination and Adaptive immunity
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Study Notes
- Neutrophils are the primary early responders during acute inflammation, migrating to infection sites to phagocytose bacteria.
- Complement proteins enhance phagocytosis by opsonizing bacteria and can directly lyse microorganisms by forming membrane attack complexes, contributing to host defense in the oral cavity.
- Secretory IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin found in saliva, neutralizing pathogens and preventing their adherence to oral surfaces.
- Inflammatory response in periodontal disease is primarily driven by the host's reaction to bacterial biofilm on tooth surfaces, leading to tissue destruction.
- Plasma cells, differentiated B-lymphocytes, are responsible for producing antibodies against specific oral pathogens.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and TNF-alpha promote the migration of neutrophils and other immune cells to infection sites, acting as a primary function in periodontal disease.
- Macrophages in the oral mucosa contribute to host defense through phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and initiating adaptive immune responses by presenting processed antigens to T-cells.
- Tissue injury compromises the non-specific host defense mechanism involving the oral epithelium's physical barrier, allowing easier entry for pathogens.
- The flushing action of saliva exemplifies a non-immune host defense mechanism, mechanically removing microbes and debris.
- Type I hypersensitivity reactions, like latex allergy, primarily mediate allergic reactions in the oral cavity, involving IgE antibodies binding to mast cells and basophils, releasing histamine and other mediators.
- Lysozyme, present in saliva, breaks down bacterial cell walls with antimicrobial properties, hydrolyzing the peptidoglycan layer and leading to their lysis.
- Bicarbonate ions in saliva buffer acids produced by bacteria in the biofilm, helping protect tooth enamel in dental caries development.
- Fibroblasts are crucial for collagen synthesis and tissue repair after oral cavity injury or surgery, producing collagen and other extracellular matrix components.
- Neutropenia (low neutrophil count) increases susceptibility to oral candidiasis because neutrophils control fungal infections and a deficiency increases the risk of such infections.
- Chemotaxis is the process by which immune cells in the oral cavity are attracted to inflammation sites via chemical signals like cytokines and chemokines.
- Chronic inflammation in periodontal disease is characterized by plasma cell and lymphocyte infiltration, reflecting a prolonged immune response (adaptive immunity).
- Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in gingival tissues present processed antigens to T-lymphocytes, initiating the adaptive immune response through MHC molecules, leading to their activation.
- Pro-inflammatory mediators from periodontal lesions entering systemic circulation can exacerbate systemic inflammatory conditions, linking oral and overall health.
- Autoimmune diseases involve an immune response directed against the body's own tissues, where the immune system mistakenly recognizes body components as foreign.
- Vaccination stimulates humoral immunity, inducing the production of specific antibodies (humoral immunity) to provide long-term protection against pathogens.
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