Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response?
Which type of cells is primarily involved in the initial response to infections?
Which type of cells is primarily involved in the initial response to infections?
What role do cytokines play in the immune system?
What role do cytokines play in the immune system?
Interleukins are primarily involved in which function?
Interleukins are primarily involved in which function?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main consequence of excessive cytokine activation?
What is the main consequence of excessive cytokine activation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of neutrophils in the immune response?
What is the role of neutrophils in the immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immune cell type is responsible for the production of antibodies?
Which immune cell type is responsible for the production of antibodies?
Signup and view all the answers
How do macrophages perform their function?
How do macrophages perform their function?
Signup and view all the answers
What can result from the activation of T cells?
What can result from the activation of T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines the primary function of the immune system?
What defines the primary function of the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which stage of periodontal disease is characterized by initial cellular changes and the presence of inflammatory mediators?
Which stage of periodontal disease is characterized by initial cellular changes and the presence of inflammatory mediators?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for recognizing and destroying infected cells during the immune response in periodontal disease?
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for recognizing and destroying infected cells during the immune response in periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant contributing factor that impacts the progression of periodontal disease?
What is a significant contributing factor that impacts the progression of periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of periodontal disease, which type of chemical mediator is involved in the host response to infection?
In the context of periodontal disease, which type of chemical mediator is involved in the host response to infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the role of biofilm in periodontal disease?
Which of the following best describes the role of biofilm in periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature is typically observed during the early lesion stage of periodontal disease?
Which feature is typically observed during the early lesion stage of periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common misconception regarding gingivitis?
What is a common misconception regarding gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is not typically considered when assessing a patient's periodontal health?
Which component is not typically considered when assessing a patient's periodontal health?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary histological change associated with the established lesion in periodontal disease?
What is the primary histological change associated with the established lesion in periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about periodontal disease is accurate?
Which of the following statements about periodontal disease is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the onset time for the initial lesion stage after plaque accumulation?
What is the onset time for the initial lesion stage after plaque accumulation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bacterial feature is associated with the initial lesion stage?
Which bacterial feature is associated with the initial lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What cellular feature begins to occur during the initial lesion stage?
What cellular feature begins to occur during the initial lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
Which inflammatory cells are primarily attracted to the site in the initial lesion stage?
Which inflammatory cells are primarily attracted to the site in the initial lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
In the early lesion stage, what change is seen in the gingival fibroblast?
In the early lesion stage, what change is seen in the gingival fibroblast?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of inflammatory infiltrate in the gingival connective tissue during the early lesion stage?
What is the percentage of inflammatory infiltrate in the gingival connective tissue during the early lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs to junctional epithelium cells during the early lesion stage?
What occurs to junctional epithelium cells during the early lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What immune response is primarily associated with PMNs during the initial lesion stage?
What immune response is primarily associated with PMNs during the initial lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What tissue level feature is noted in the initial lesion stage?
What tissue level feature is noted in the initial lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT observed clinically in the initial lesion stage?
What is NOT observed clinically in the initial lesion stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the clinical features in the established lesion phase of periodontal disease?
What characterizes the clinical features in the established lesion phase of periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immune cells increase in number during the immune response associated with early gingivitis?
Which immune cells increase in number during the immune response associated with early gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key feature of the bacterial profile in advanced lesions of periodontal disease?
What is a key feature of the bacterial profile in advanced lesions of periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of the apical migration of the junctional epithelium?
What is the consequence of the apical migration of the junctional epithelium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cells make up 10-30% of the cellular infiltrate in the inflammatory response?
Which type of cells make up 10-30% of the cellular infiltrate in the inflammatory response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant clinical feature that indicates an advanced lesion of periodontal disease?
What is a significant clinical feature that indicates an advanced lesion of periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of the host response is noted in advanced lesions?
What aspect of the host response is noted in advanced lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of periodontal disease, what role do macrophages have during the immune response?
In the context of periodontal disease, what role do macrophages have during the immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a crucial difference in tissue-level features between established lesions and advanced lesions?
What is a crucial difference in tissue-level features between established lesions and advanced lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition describes the failure of hemostasis in advanced lesions?
What condition describes the failure of hemostasis in advanced lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease - Part 2
-
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to recap gingival histology, immunology, and pathogenesis; revise chemical mediators relevant to periodontal disease and their role in the host response; describe bacterial, cellular, tissue level and clinical features of gingivitis to periodontitis (initial, early, established, and advanced lesions); and explain factors affecting disease progression.
-
GDC Learning Outcomes: Describe oral diseases; explain the aetiology and pathogenesis of oral disease; describe relevant physiology and its application to patient management; assess and manage health of periodontal and soft tissues, considering risk and lifestyle factors; explain patient's periodontal and general health impact on overall treatment plans and outcomes.
Recall of Knowledge
- Key Concepts: Gingival histology, immunology, biofilm, virulence factors, gingivitis & periodontitis, and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Initial, Early, Established, and Advanced Lesions
-
Initial Lesion: Occurs 2-4 days after plaque accumulation; bacterial features include Porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythia; cellular features include neutrophils; tissue features include tiny blood vessels in the junctional epithelium becoming inflamed and leaking; no visible symptoms.
-
Early Lesion: Occurs 4-7 days after plaque accumulation; bacterial features are similar to the initial lesion; cellular features include cytopathic changes in gingival fibroblasts, and an increase of inflammatory infiltrate; tissue features include increase in inflammatory infiltrate and increase in the number of junctional epithelial cells to wall off the lesion; red inflamed gingiva, early pocketing, plaque presence as clinical features.
-
Established Lesion: Occurs 21 days after biofilm accumulation; bacterial features include Porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythia; cellular features include plasma cells, b-cells and t-cells; tissue features include noticeable proliferation of junctional epithelium and migration apically, loss of collagen; clinical features include inflammation, bleeding, pocket formation and no bone loss.
-
Advanced Lesion: Bacterial features include similar bacteria; cellular features are primarily plasma cells; tissue features include apical migration of the junctional epithelium and alveolar bone loss; clinical features include true pocketing, bone loss, mobile teeth, and loss of gingival fibers and connective tissue attachment; damage is irreversible.
Model of Periodontal Disease
- Factors: Environmental, acquired, and genetic risk factors, including antibodies, PMNs, cytokines, prostaglandins, specific pathogenic bacteria, antigens, LPS, and other virulence factors influence connective tissue and bone metabolism. Host inflammatory responses, along with clinical expression of the disease stage, initiation, and progression, play a role.
Pathogenesis Model of Periodontal Disease (Korman 1997)
- Factors: Risk factors (genetics, smoking, systemic), antibodies, PMNs/T-cells, LPS, virulence factors, antigens, MMPs, PGE2, and TNFα play a role in damaging connective tissue and bone.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers key concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, including gingival histology, immunology, and the role of chemical mediators. Students will explore the bacterial, cellular, and clinical features of gingivitis and periodontitis in different lesion stages. Additionally, it addresses factors influencing disease progression and patient management.
