Oral Communication Lesson 1 Review

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Questions and Answers

Which aspect characterizes Aristotle's communication model?

It includes multiple communication elements

It is speaker-centered (correct)

It involves a two-way process

It emphasizes receiver feedback

What does the 'S' in Berlo's S-M-C-R model represent?

Synaptic Transmission

Systematic Process

Source of Communication (correct)

Sender

Which element is NOT part of Wendel Johnson's communication model?

Sensory stimulation

Symbolic form transformation

Pre-verbal neurophysiological state

Channel (correct)

How does Schramm's model depict communication?

Involving multiple interpreters Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a type of non-verbal communication?

Facial expressions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of body movement can directly translate into words?

Emblems Signup and view all the answers

What does paralanguage refer to in communication?

The emotional tone of delivery Signup and view all the answers

In the Helical Model of communication, which concept is emphasized?

Communication evolution over time Signup and view all the answers

Which body type is associated with being more talkative and sympathetic?

Endomorphs Signup and view all the answers

What factor is primarily determined by the loudness of speech?

Volume Signup and view all the answers

In proxemics, what distance is considered 'Social Distance'?

4 to 12 feet Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of communication is characterized as the highness of sound?

Pitch Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ectomorphs?

More talkative Signup and view all the answers

What does body adornment encompass?

Clothing and hairstyle Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication primarily focuses on interactions between different cultural backgrounds?

Intercultural Communication Signup and view all the answers

Which body type is described as adventurous and strong?

Mesomorphs Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in the communication process?

Presence of Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Which element of communication is responsible for decoding messages?

Receiver/Listener Signup and view all the answers

What role does 'Noise' play in the communication process?

It can lead to misunderstanding of the message. Signup and view all the answers

What does Cross-Cultural Communication primarily focus on?

How people from different cultures communicate and perceive the world Signup and view all the answers

What challenge in intercultural communication involves the interpretation of messages based on cultural background?

Message Transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-verbal symbol in communication?

Written Words Signup and view all the answers

Which principle proposes that unrestricted communication leads to cultural uniformity over time?

Cultural Convergence Signup and view all the answers

In which stage are ideas encoded into language symbols?

Stage 3: Ideas are Encoded Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Channel' in communication?

To convey the message between the sender and receiver Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of communication that focuses on regulating or controlling situations?

Regulation/Control Signup and view all the answers

The Communication Accommodation Theory emphasizes which of the following?

Linguistic strategies to either increase or decrease communicative distances Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is considered a type of psychological noise?

Trauma Signup and view all the answers

In the context of intercultural communication, what is typically blamed when misunderstandings occur?

The stupidity or deceit of the other person Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using abstract ideas in communication?

It may cause complications. Signup and view all the answers

Which function of communication is primarily concerned with keeping individuals and groups informed?

Information Function Signup and view all the answers

What does intercultural adaptation explain about communicators?

How they adjust to each other in purpose-related encounters Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Oral Communication

Communication is the creation and sharing of meaning among individuals.
Oral communication involves the processes of speaking and listening, represented through sound.

The Process of Communication

Communication occurs mutually among individuals in response to a stimulus.
Stimulus: Anything triggering a response in the nervous system or emotions.
Stages of Communication:
- Stage 1: Presence of Stimulus.
- Stage 2: Brain receives the idea.
- Stage 3: Ideas encoded into language symbols.
- Stage 4: Speaker prepares to externalize thoughts.
- Stage 5: Message transmitted through sound waves.
- Stage 6: Message reaches the receiver.

Elements of Communication

Sender/Speaker: Initiates the conversation.
Receiver/Listener: Decodes the messages.
Message: Vital to communication; can be verbal or non-verbal.
Channel: Route through which the message travels.
Feedback: Reaction observed in sender and receiver.
Noise: Disturbances that lead to misunderstandings.
- Types of noise include psychological factors like trauma and depression.
Setting: Venue where communication occurs.

Models of Communication

Aristotle's Model: Simplistic model emphasizing a speaker-centered communication process.
Wendel Johnson's Model: Involves a sequence from source stimulation to verbal formulation.
Berlo's Model: S-M-C-R framework focusing on Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver components.
Helical Model of Communication: Represents communication as an evolving process akin to a helix.
Schramm's Model: Emphasizes the interactive role of message encoders and decoders.

Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication: Sharing ideas without words, encompassing:
- Body movements, facial expressions, appearance, gestures, and tone of voice.
Types of Non-Verbal Communication:
- Body Movements: Includes emblems, illustrations, regulations, displays of feeling, and adaptors.
- Paralanguage: Refers to vocal elements like rate, pitch, volume, and quality.
- Body Types:
  - Ectomorphs: Ambitious but often tense and nervous.
  - Endomorphs: Warm-hearted but more dependent and talkative.
  - Mesomorphs: Athletic and adventurous.
- Attractiveness: Influences positive responses.
- Body Adornment: Clothing, makeup, jewelry, and hairstyle impact communication.
- Space and Distance (Proxemics): Various personal distances include intimate, personal, social, and public distances.
- Touch: Communicates relationship dynamics.
- Time: Punctuality reflects personal values.

Effective Communication Skills

Intercultural Communication: Involves sharing information across diverse cultures.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Understanding behaviors and perceptions across different places.
Challenges in Intercultural Communication:
- Message transmission may cause different interpretations.
- Attribution can lead to misinterpretation of behaviors.
Principles of Intercultural Communication:
- Cultural Convergence: Unrestricted communication promotes uniformity, while restrictions lead to diversity.
- Communication Accommodation Theory: Focuses on adjusting communicative distances using linguistic strategies.
- Intercultural Adaptation: Adapting to each other in culturally significant encounters.
- Co-cultural Theory: Interaction between underrepresented and dominant groups.

Functions of Communication

Communication serves various functions:
- Regulation/Control: Establishes rules and maintains control in situations.
- Social Interaction: Maintains stability within individuals, societies, or organizations.
- Motivation: Can be internal (personal) or external (influenced by others).
- Information Function: A mechanism for informing individuals about daily occurrences.

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Description

This quiz covers the definition and processes of oral communication. It explores how communication involves creating and sharing meaning, highlighting the importance of speaking and listening in the communication process. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts of oral communication.