Optimal Portfolio and Selection Strategies
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Questions and Answers

What is the expected return for Stock C calculated using CAPM?

  • 15.7%
  • 10.5%
  • 13.5% (correct)
  • 12.2%
  • Which expected return is correct for Stock A?

  • 14.1%
  • 10.2%
  • 11.4% (correct)
  • 12.8%
  • What is the expected return of the entire portfolio?

  • 9.80%
  • 10.75%
  • 12.50%
  • 11.19% (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a traditional technique in investment evaluation?

    <p>Net Present Value Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive Net Present Value (NPV) indicate about a project?

    <p>The project is acceptable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis, what aspects are typically considered?

    <p>Future cash flows and interest rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Accounting Rate of Return is accurate?

    <p>It is a traditional technique used to evaluate investments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary uses of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis?

    <p>To determine investment value and guide capital budgeting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an optimal portfolio?

    <p>To match the investor's needs by balancing risk and potential returns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the efficient frontier represent in portfolio management?

    <p>The best possible returns for a given level of risk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in building an optimal portfolio?

    <p>Using the Markowitz portfolio selection model. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can diversification impact portfolio management?

    <p>It can help move portfolios toward the efficient frontier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rebalancing a portfolio?

    <p>To adjust the portfolio in response to market conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the efficient set of portfolios?

    <p>Portfolios that provide the lowest risk for a given level of return. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) evaluate?

    <p>The relationship between expected returns and risk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the global minimum variance portfolio?

    <p>The portfolio with the smallest risk in the efficient set. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CAPM suggest about the relationship between risk and return?

    <p>Higher risk correlates with higher return. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of risk is associated with economy-wide events?

    <p>Systematic risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risks can be mitigated through diversification?

    <p>Non-systematic risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the risk-free rate is 2% and the expected market return is 8%, what is the excess return?

    <p>6% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate the expected return of a stock using the CAPM?

    <p>Add the risk-free rate to the product of beta and the excess market return. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given a stock with a beta of 1.5 and a market return of 8%, what would be the expected return if the risk-free rate is 2%?

    <p>11% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of Stock A in the given portfolio?

    <p>40% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected return of the entire portfolio using CAPM based on the provided stocks?

    <p>8.6% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Optimal Portfolio

    A collection of assets designed to meet an investor's financial goals while balancing risk and potential returns.

    Efficient Frontier

    A curve representing the best possible returns for a given level of risk or the lowest risk for a given level of return.

    Diversification

    Spreading investments across different asset classes to reduce overall portfolio risk.

    Rebalancing

    Adjusting a portfolio's asset allocation to maintain the desired risk level.

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    Market Conditions

    Economic and market trends that influence investment returns.

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    Markowitz Portfolio Selection Model

    A mathematical model used to identify optimal combinations of assets for a portfolio.

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    Efficient Set

    A subset of portfolios on the efficient frontier that offer the best risk-return trade-off for a given level of risk.

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    Global Minimum Variance Portfolio

    The portfolio within the efficient set that has the lowest overall risk.

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    Expected Return

    The anticipated return from an investment, calculated as a percentage of the initial investment.

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    CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model)

    A model that calculates the expected return of an asset based on its systematic risk (beta), the risk-free rate of return, and the market risk premium.

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    Portfolio Expected Return

    The anticipated return of a group of investments (portfolio), calculated as the weighted average of the expected returns of the individual investments.

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    Discounting Cash Flow (DCF)

    A valuation method that estimates the present value of an investment based on its projected future cash flows.

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    Net Present Value (NPV)

    The difference between the present value of an investment's cash inflows and the present value of its cash outflows.

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    Positive NPV

    An investment with a positive NPV is considered profitable, as the present value of the inflows exceeds the present value of the outflows.

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    Zero NPV

    An investment with a zero NPV is considered break-even, as the present value of the inflows equals the present value of the outflows.

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    Negative NPV

    An investment with a negative NPV is considered unprofitable, as the present value of the outflows exceeds the present value of the inflows.

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    Systematic Risk

    Risk associated with economy-wide events that affects all securities. It's the variability in a security's return that's directly linked to overall market fluctuations.

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    Non-Systematic Risk

    Risk specific to a particular security or company that's not related to overall market movements. It's the variability in a security's return that's isolated to that specific investment.

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    CAPM

    The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a financial model that calculates the expected return of an asset based on its systematic risk (beta) and the risk-free rate of return.

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    Beta (β)

    A measure of a security's volatility relative to the overall market. A beta of 1 indicates that the security's price moves in line with the market, while a beta greater than 1 means it's more volatile, and less than 1 means less volatile.

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    Expected Return (E(R))

    The anticipated return of an investment based on its risk and the market's expectations. It's a theoretical return calculated using the CAPM.

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    Risk-Free Rate (Rf)

    The return on an investment considered to be risk-free, such as US Treasury bonds. It's used as a baseline for calculating returns.

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    Expected Market Return (Rm)

    The anticipated return of the overall market, often represented by a broad market index like the S&P 500.

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    Portfolio Weight

    The proportion of an individual asset's value relative to the total value of the portfolio. It's used to calculate the weighted average return of the entire portfolio.

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    Study Notes

    Optimal Portfolio

    • A portfolio is a collection of assets used to meet an investor's financial goals.
    • An optimal portfolio balances risk and return according to the investor's plan.
    • Efficient frontier: Shows the best possible portfolio returns for a given risk level or lowest risk for a given return.
    • Diversification helps move portfolios towards the efficient frontier.
    • Monitoring: Tracking each asset's performance in the portfolio.
    • Rebalancing: Adjusting the portfolio to maintain the desired risk level.
    • Market conditions: Adapting the portfolio based on economic and market trends.
    • Investor objectives: Aligning investments with long-term financial goals.

    Portfolio Selection

    • Diversification is crucial for optimal risk management.
    • There are an infinite number of possible portfolios of risky assets for analysis.
    • Markowitz portfolio selection model: Used to identify optimal combinations of risky assets.
    • Consider borrowing and lending possibilities.
    • Choose the final portfolio based on return preferences relative to risk.

    Efficient Portfolio

    • Smallest portfolio risk for given expected return.
    • Highest expected return for given portfolio risk.
    • Efficient set: Subset of all possible portfolios.
    • Lowest risk for given return level.
    • All other attainable portfolios are dominated by the efficient set.
    • Global minimum variance portfolio: Lowest risk within the efficient set.

    Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

    • CAPM: Used to determine if expected investment returns justify the associated risk.
    • Expected return on the market: Rm + Market Risk Premium.
    • Expected return on an individual security: Rf + Beta x (Rm – Rf).

    Risk and Return (CAPM)

    • Expected return on the Market (RM) and Market Risk Premium
    • Expected return on an individual security (R): Rf + Beta × (RM – Rf)

    Investment Evaluation Techniques

    • Methods used to assess potential profitability of investment options.
    • Traditional techniques: Payback period, accounting rate of return.
    • Discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques: Net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR).

    Stock Valuation

    • Common stock valuation is more complex than bond valuation due to uncertainties in future cash flows.
    • Intrinsic value: Theoretical value of a stock based on its fundamentals.

    Industry and Company Analysis

    • Industry analysis: Grouping companies by primary business activities.
    • Industry is evaluated to understand competition, market position, and how factors (e.g., technology and demand) affect companies in that industry.

    Types of Companies

    • One-person company
    • Private company
    • Public company

    Portfolio Performance Evaluation

    • Comparing portfolio returns to other portfolios or benchmarks to evaluate effectiveness.
    • Performance measurement: Accounting function measuring returns over a period.
    • Performance evaluation: Determining if performance was due to skill or luck and analyzing factors contributing to performance.
    • Risk assessment: Analyzing portfolio risk.
    • Return assessment: Examining the portfolio's generated returns using absolute, relative and risk-adjusted figures
    • Attribution analysis: Identifying sources of portfolio performance.
    • Benchmark comparison: Comparing portfolio performance to benchmarks.

    Behavioral Finance Theory and Concepts

    • Behavioral finance: Field considering psychology's effects on financial decisions.
    • Mental accounting: Assigning different valuations to the same amount of money.
    • Prospect theory: Losses and gains are viewed differently and trigger different decision-making behaviors.
    • Herd behavior: Mimicking the financial decisions of the majority.
    • Anchoring: Using irrelevant information as a reference point for decisions.
    • Self-attribution bias: Attributing success to personal skills while blaming others for failures.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts of optimal portfolios and selection strategies in finance. Learn about risk and return balance, efficient frontier, and the importance of diversification. This quiz delves into the Markowitz portfolio selection model and monitoring techniques for managing investments effectively.

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