Optics Test Review

Optics Test Review

• Reflection:
  • The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
  • The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal are on the same plane
• Electromagnetic Spectrum (least to most energetic):
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
• Electromagnetic Waves and Their Uses:
  • X-rays: Medical imaging
  • Ultraviolet light: Vitamin D
  • Radio waves: Telecommunication, TV remote control
  • Infrared light: Radar, theatre/concert effects
  • Microwaves: TV remote control, radar
  • Gamma rays: Cancer treatment
  • Visible light: Medical imaging, theatre/concert effects
• Primary and Secondary Colors:
  • Primary colors: Red, green, blue
  • Secondary colors: Cyan, yellow, magenta
  • Combining primary colors produces white light
  • Combining secondary colors produces white light
• Visible Spectrum Colors:
  • Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
• Reflection Types:
  • Specular reflection: Smooth surfaces, clear reflections (e.g., mirror)
  • Diffuse reflection: Irregular surfaces, scattered reflections (e.g., a wall)
• Luminous and Non-luminous Objects:
  • Luminous objects produce their own light (e.g., sun, lightbulb)
  • Non-luminous objects reflect light (e.g., moon, table)
• Types of Mirrors:
  • Plane mirror: Flat surface, creates upright, virtual images
  • Convex mirror: Bulging outward, creates smaller, virtual images, wide field of view
  • Concave mirror: Curves inward, image depends on object position (upright or inverted)

Laws of Reflection and Refraction

• Refraction:
  • Light bends when traveling from one medium to another
  • When light moves to a slower medium it bends toward the normal.
• Total Internal Reflection:
  • Occurs when light traveling from a slower to faster medium, bends past the critical angle, and is reflected back into the slower medium.
• Concave Mirrors:
  • If the object is between the focal point and mirror, the image is upright and magnified, located behind the mirror (virtual).
  • If the object is beyond the focal point, the image is inverted, real, and smaller, located in front of the mirror.
• Convex Mirrors:
  • The image is always upright and smaller, and virtual. The location is behind the mirror.
• Color Mixing Summary:
  • Red, green and blue light create white light (or when superimposed).
  • Red light can not create a green color appears black.

Additional Questions

• Complementary Colors:
  • Red's complementary color is cyan
• Color Filters:
  • A green filter followed by a yellow filter, would result in a yellow color (filtering white light)
• Ray Diagrams: Students are required to draw and label ray diagrams depicting how light reflects off mirrors and lenses. Analyze these diagrams to determine image characteristics.