Opioids and Hallucinogens Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason behind Portugal's approach to drug use since decriminalization in 2001?

  • Imprisonment for all drug users
  • Increased policing of drug-related offenses
  • A health-first approach to care (correct)
  • Promotion of drug use among the population

    • What are the potential health risks associated with intravenous opioid use?

  • Improved overall health
  • Lower pain tolerance
  • Increased likelihood of HIV and other health problems (correct)
  • Higher risk of anxiety disorders

    • Which of the following is a common effect of hallucinogens according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria?

  • Decreased heart rate
  • Severe memory loss
  • Increased appetite
  • Subjective intensification of perceptions (correct)

    • What is the significance of the endocannabinoid system in relation to cannabis?

    <p>It's a master regulator of various physiological processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of taking small doses of fentanyl and carfentanil?

    <p>Lethal overdose risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes schizoaffective disorder?

    <p>Schizophrenia symptoms with a mood episode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life expectancy reduction associated with schizophrenia?

    <p>10 years less (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the prevalence of schizophrenia is accurate?

    <p>1.3% of Canadians over age 15 have received a diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the prodromal stage in schizophrenia?

    <p>Symptoms can begin during this stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorder is characterized by a persistent false belief without accompanying schizophrenia traits?

    <p>Delusional disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic factor has the highest likelihood of resulting in schizophrenia?

    <p>Having an identical twin with the disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with illusions in schizophrenia?

    <p>Feeling the presence of another living being (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do gene-environment interactions have on schizophrenia?

    <p>They combine vulnerabilities with environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Opioid Withdrawal

    Extremely unpleasant symptoms experienced when stopping opioid use.

    Opioid Crisis

    A serious public health problem in Canada, involving high rates of opioid use and overdose deaths due to prescription and illegal opioids.

    Decriminalization of Drugs (Portugal)

    Portugal's approach to drug use, where personal drug use is not a crime, allowing easier access to treatment.

    Hallucinogen Effects

    Hallucinogens cause changes in perceptions, like intensified sensations, feelings of detachment from reality, and hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there).

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    Cannabis Use in Canada

    Cannabis is a commonly used drug in Canada, with 15% usage reported in 2019. It alters perceptions.

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    Schizophreniform Disorder

    A mental illness with similar symptoms to schizophrenia, but lasting for a shorter period (between 1 and 6 months).

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    Schizoaffective Disorder

    A disorder characterized by both schizophrenia symptoms (like hallucinations or delusions) and a mood episode (like depression or mania).

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    Delusional Disorder

    A mental illness where a person has strong, persistent beliefs that are not true (delusions) but they do not have other symptoms of schizophrenia.

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    Brief Psychotic Disorder

    A mental illness with similar symptoms to schizophrenia, but lasting for less than one month.

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    Schizotypal Personality Disorder

    A personality disorder characterized by milder symptoms of schizophrenia, such as unusual thoughts, behaviors, and social difficulties.

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    Prodromal Stage

    The period before full-blown schizophrenia symptoms appear, often characterized by unusual behaviors and subtle changes.

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    Illusions

    Perceptions that are distorted or misinterpretations of reality, often involving sensing the presence of someone or something that isn't actually there.

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    Ideas of Reference

    The belief that seemingly neutral events or occurrences in the environment are actually directed at or about the person.

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    Study Notes

    Opioids

    • Opiates are natural chemicals from opium poppies with narcotic effects, inducing sleep and pain relief.
    • Canada faces an opioid crisis due to prescription and illegal opioid use.
    • Opioid withdrawal is very unpleasant.
    • Intravenous use increases HIV and other health risks.
    • Opioid-related deaths are 6-20 times higher than the general population's rate.
    • High prescription rates in BC.
    • Small doses of fentanyl and carfentanil can be fatal.

    Video Notes - Portugal Heroin Crisis

    • Portugal decriminalized drug use in 2001.
    • Focuses on health care instead of imprisonment.
    • Drug users are more likely to seek help if not incarcerated.
    • Drug-related deaths have decreased.

    Hallucinogens

    • LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
    • Psilocybin (mushrooms), lysergic acid amide, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline (peyote), phencyclidine (PCP).
    • May have lower abuse risk; possible treatment benefits.
    • DSM-5 criteria include altered perceptions and hallucinations.
    • Physical symptoms can include pupil dilation, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and blurred vision.

    Hallucinogens - Cannabis

    • Cannabis is a commonly used illicit drug in Canada (2019 use rate ~15%).
    • THC (Tetrahydrocannabinols) is a component of marijuana.
    • Cannabis alters perceptions.
    • The endocannabinoid system, which regulates bodily functions, may be affected.
    • Cannabis use is not considered fatal but can induce Cannabinoid hyperemisis syndrome.

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    Related Documents

    Substance Use Chapter 12 PDF
    Schizophrenia: Symptoms, Prevalence, and Treatment PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of opioids and hallucinogens, including their effects, risks, and the societal responses to drug crises such as the opioid crisis in Canada and the heroin crisis in Portugal. Explore the differences between these substances and their implications on health and society.

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