Substance Use Chapter 12 PDF

***CHAPTER 12, SUBSTANCE USE, CONT.*** **Opioids**: - [Opiate] - natural chemicals in opium poppy having a narcotic effect. - Sleep-inducing, pain-relieving - Canada opioid crisis: prescription and illegal - Withdrawal is extremely unpleasant - Intravenously taken: ri...

***CHAPTER 12, SUBSTANCE USE, CONT.*** **Opioids**: - [Opiate] - natural chemicals in opium poppy having a narcotic effect. - Sleep-inducing, pain-relieving - Canada opioid crisis: prescription and illegal - Withdrawal is extremely unpleasant - Intravenously taken: risks of HIV and other health problems. - High mortality rates (6-20 times greater than general population. - High rates of use in BC - 21 million prescriptions for opioids were given in one year. - Small doses of fentanyl and carfentanil can be lethal.   **Video Notes - Portugal Heroin Crisis:** - Relaxed attitudes towards drugs - 2001 - Portugal decriminalizes drugs for personal use. - Health-first approach to care, instead of imprisonment. - Drug users are more likely to find help if they know they won\'t be put in prison. - Less drug-related deaths   **Hallucinogens**: - LSD acid; D-lysergic acid diethylamide) - Psilocybin (mushrooms), lysergic acid amide, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), mescaline (peyote), phencyclidine (PCP). - Lower abuse potential; possible treatment benefits. - DSM-5 diagnostic criteria include: - [Perceptual changes]: subjective intensification of perfections, depersonalization, and hallucinations. - [Physical symptoms]: pupillary dilation, rapid heartbeat, sweating, blurred vision. **Hallucinogens - Cannabis:** - Cannabis most routinely used previously illicit drug in Canada; 2019 cannabis use was 15%. - Alters perceptions - [Tetrahydrocannabinols (THC]): a variety of marijuana. - Endocannabinoid system in our body is \"master regulator\". - Moderate abuse potential - Never fatal - Cannabinoid hyperemisis syndrome