Textbook Chpt. 11 Opioids

The rate at which people die from opioid-related causes.

The likelihood of experiencing a drug overdose, often due to factors like high drug use frequency or injecting drugs.

A situation where someone takes a drug and suffers a health crisis, requiring immediate medical attention.

The act of injecting drugs directly into the bloodstream using a syringe.

The continued use of opioids despite the negative effects on the user's lifestyle, relationships, and health.

Health problems that arise from sharing needles, a common practice amongst opioid users.

Using multiple drugs at the same time, leading to an increased risk of overdose.

The negative impacts on a user's lifestyle due to their opioid addiction.

The use of opioid pain relievers without a doctor's prescription.

A decline in the reported use of illicit non-heroin opioids, particularly among young adults.

Pain relievers are the second most illicitly used drug class in the US, after cannabis.

The highest rate of opioid abuse disorder is found in young adults aged 18-25.

The percentage of people reporting opioid analgesic use without a doctor's prescription, categorized by age groups.

A shift in prescription practices towards prescribing stronger opioid analgesics, leading to an increase in potential for abuse.

The risk of opioid addiction is higher for people suffering from chronic pain.

The idea that heroin addiction naturally decreases with age, as users mature out of their drug use.

The trend suggesting that as people get older, their use of heroin decreases, potentially suggesting a natural decline in addiction.

A study from the 1960s suggesting that heroin users tend to discontinue use as they age, potentially indicating a 'maturing out' effect.

The tendency for heroin users to experience a loss of tolerance to the drug after a period of abstinence, making them more susceptible to overdosing with their usual dose.

Using a combination of heroin with other depressants like alcohol or benzodiazepines can significantly amplify the effects of heroin, increasing the risk of overdose.

A significant number of deaths from heroin overdose occur among experienced users, suggesting that tolerance can fluctuate and overdosing is not always due to taking more than usual.

Conditioned effects play a role in tolerance, and changing the environment in which heroin is used can lead to a loss of tolerance due to the absence of familiar cues.

Prescription opioid overdose deaths have surpassed heroin overdose deaths in the US, highlighting the growing concern over prescription opioid misuse.

The phenomenon where individuals gradually stop using heroin without formal treatment, often in their 30s or 40s after years of use.

A long-term study on Vietnam veterans showed that a significant portion of individuals addicted to various drugs, including opioids, recovered without seeking medical intervention.

A severe, life-threatening condition that can occur when someone takes a high dose of an opioid, resulting in a comatose state and respiratory depression.

A type of overdose that is specifically related to fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid.

A type of opioid that can be inhaled, producing a rapid and intense high, and is often used recreationally due to its potent effects.

The tendency for an individual to have an increased risk of seizure activity when using high doses of opioids.

A tragedy where Russian security forces used a synthetic fentanyl analog during a hostage situation, unintentionally killing both hostage-takers and several hostages.

The act of using a powerful drug to subdue or incapacitate individuals.

A gas-like substance that can be inhaled, often possessing a strong, immediate effect on the body.

A group of people who are held against their will, often in a stressful and threatening situation.

A reformulated version of OxyContin designed to deter abuse by making it harder to crush or dissolve for injection.

The rate at which people use opioids, expressed as a percentage of the population.

The trend of increasing heroin use in the United States, likely due to factors like reformulated OxyContin and greater heroin availability.

A survey conducted annually to assess drug use among American students, including heroin and prescription opioids.

The prevalence of illicit opioid use in the United States, as measured by the Monitoring the Future Survey, shows a significant increase from the mid-1990s.

A category of opioids that includes medications like Vicodin, OxyContin, and Percocet, commonly used for pain relief.

The ease with which prescription opioids can be obtained, with a significant number of students reporting easy access.

Prescription opioids are often obtained illicitly through friends, family, or theft.

The most popular prescription opioids illicitly used by teenagers and young adults, with Vicodin and OxyContin being the most common.