24 Questions
Which type of local anesthetic is metabolized by the liver and commonly ends with the suffix '-caine'?
Amides
Which amide local anesthetic has the shortest duration among all the local anesthetics?
Articaine
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of corticosteroids?
Immunosuppression
Which of the following drugs is a competitive opioid antagonist used for emergencies?
Naloxone
Which of the following is one of the toxic side effects of morphine?
Respiratory depression
Which schedule is heroin classified under?
Schedule I
What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of nitrous oxide?
105%
Which route of administration involves intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration?
Parenteral
What is the only route of administration that can achieve 100% bioavailability?
Intravenous
Which of the following statements about local anesthetics is true?
Local anesthetics block the influx of sodium ions to initiate depolarization.
How many milligrams of lidocaine are present in a carpule (1.8mL) of a 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) solution?
36mg
What is the maximum dosage of lidocaine without epinephrine for a healthy patient?
7mg/kg
Which technique can be useful in cases of truisms?
Vazirani-Akinosi
Which nerve block anesthetizes the soft tissue buccal to molars?
Buccal Nerve Block
Which nerve block anesthetizes the soft tissue facial to anterior teeth?
Mental Nerve Block
Which nerve block anesthetizes the anterior teeth and premolars of the quadrant?
Incisive Nerve Block
Which type of antibiotic is chemically related to cephalosporins and may cause a cross-allergic reaction in patients allergic to cephalosporins?
Penicillins
Which antibiotic is commonly used for prophylaxis of infective endocarditis in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves?
Amoxicillin
Which antibiotic is NOT recommended for patients with liver disorders?
Tetracycline
Which drug combination should NOT be prescribed because the drugs cancel each other out?
Bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs
Which of the following describes the distribution of a drug across three body water compartments?
Plasma, interstitial, and intracellular compartments
Which phase of drug metabolism reactions involves the addition of polar side chains to the drug?
Phase II
Which of the following is true about drug elimination?
Phase II creates larger molecules for urinary clearance
Which of the following drug interactions can lead to an increased risk of bleeding?
NSAIDs and anticoagulants
Study Notes
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics for INBDE
- Local anesthetics can be categorized into amides and esters.
- Amides are metabolized by the liver and commonly end with the suffix "-caine."
- Important amide local anesthetics include lidocaine, mepivacaine, articaine, prilocaine, and bupivacaine.
- Esters are metabolized in plasma by pseudocholinesterase enzymes and also end with the suffix "-caine."
- Important ester local anesthetics include benzocaine, cocaine, and procaine.
- Pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics involve blocking sodium channels in neurons to prevent depolarization and signal pain.
- Non-ionized forms of local anesthetics can cross the neuron membrane to block sodium channels.
- Local anesthetics are less effective in inflamed tissue due to lower pH and excess H+ ions.
- Pharmacokinetics describes how the body responds to local anesthetics.
- Protein binding affects the duration of action.
- The pKa of a local anesthetic affects its onset of action.
- The dosage of local anesthetics can be calculated based on the concentration of the solution.
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