Ophthalmology Quiz on Eye Anatomy and Conditions

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Questions and Answers

Cylindrical lenses are primarily used for which condition?

Protection against UV rays

Treatment of corneal ulcer

Treatment of strobismus

Correction of astigmatism (correct)

What is the typical condition associated with increased production of intraocular fluid?

Scleritis

Uveitis

Retinitis

Glaucoma (correct)

Which optic lens type is used to correct myopia?

Toric

Spherical concave (correct)

Spherical convex

Cylindrical

What instrument is used to measure intraocular pressure?

Tonometer Signup and view all the answers

The causative agent of trachoma is primarily which of the following?

Chlamydias Signup and view all the answers

What is binocular vision?

Ability to look with two eyes without mixing two monocular images Signup and view all the answers

In patients with conjunctivitis, what is a common complaint?

Sensation of sand in the eye Signup and view all the answers

What type of examination is gonioscopy used for?

Anterior chamber angle evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Pulsating proptosis is most commonly associated with which condition?

Arteriovenous aneurysm Signup and view all the answers

What is the upper border of normal intraocular pressure?

21 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which vital stain is commonly used for corneal staining?

Fluorescein Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

Trochlear nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for eyelid movement?

M.orbicularis oculi and M.levator palpebrae superior Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected power of near vision spectacles for a 60-year-old emmetropic person?

+4.0 dptr Signup and view all the answers

Which structure produces intraocular fluid?

Ciliary body Signup and view all the answers

What describes the regenerative ability of endothelial cells of the cornea?

Present across the cornea Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the symptom of 'crushed tomato'?

Central retinal vein occlusion Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of primary glaucoma?

Beginning, non-advanced, advanced, terminal Signup and view all the answers

Where is the crystalline lens located?

Posterior chamber Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an acquired disease of the lens?

Cataract Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve responsible for sensory innervation of the eye?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What describes intraocular pressure in normotensive glaucoma?

Within normal limits Signup and view all the answers

After retinal stimulation, the visual impulse reaches the occipital cortex after how long?

124 m sec Signup and view all the answers

What provides the main nutriment of the choroid?

a.ciliaris posterior breves Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes the tear drainage pathways?

points, saccus, canaliculis, canalis nasolacrimalis Signup and view all the answers

Chalcosis occurs when which metal remains inside the eye for a long time?

copper Signup and view all the answers

What is described by Dychromasia?

low sensitivity to two colors Signup and view all the answers

What is posterior synechias?

attachment between the posterior surface of the iris and the anterior surface of the lens Signup and view all the answers

Which structure passes through the superior orbital fissure?

N.oculomotorius Signup and view all the answers

What is Pterigium?

thicken sclera conjunctiva that passes over the cornea Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the eye is the retina?

inner layer of the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal tonometric measurement of the intraocular pressure by Machlakov?

13-26 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What method is used for removing a foreign body from the cornea?

Use a special needle Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the blood to the ciliary body and iris?

Long posterior ciliary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is a pathogenetic cause of optic nerve edema?

Increased intracranial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What vascular change occurs in papilledema?

Veins are dilated, arteries are narrowed Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides innervation to the cornea?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What condition is typically associated with primary open angle glaucoma?

Colored halos around light Signup and view all the answers

What is typically seen in the eye fundus on retinitis pigmentosa?

Bone crumbs Signup and view all the answers

In optic neuritis, which of the following is observed?

Non-distinguished borders of optic disc Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main refracting mediums of the eye?

Cornea, lens Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eye Part Origins

The lens originates from neural ectoderm
The iris originates from ectoderm of skin
Neuroreceptors originate from mesenchyme

Binocular Vision

Binocular vision is the ability to look with two eyes without mixing the two separate monocular images
It is not the ability to look alternately.

Conjunctivitis Symptoms

Patients with conjunctivitis may complain of a sensation of sand in the eye
Other symptoms may include: diminishing vision, visual dimness and dizziness.
Colored rings around light are not related to conjunctivitis.

Superior Oblique Muscle Innervation

The superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve.

X, Y, and Z Eye Structures

X: Transparent
Y: Non transparent
Z: Has muscles

Gonioscopy

Gonioscopy examines the anterior chamber angle.

Monocular Vision in Worth Apparatus

In a Worth apparatus, one circle is seen if a patient has monocular vision.

Pulsating Proptosis

Pulsating proptosis, which is an exophthalm, may be seen in cases of orbital varicose vein, arteriovenous aneurism, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Sensory Innervation of Choroid

The average rate of sensory innervation of the choroid is weak.

YAG Laser Use

YAG laser is a medical technology.

Types of Cataracts

Congenital, traumatic, nuclear, cortical, and secondary cataracts are different types of the eye condition.

Squint Types

Anisometropic, dysbinocular, occlusion, concomitant, hysteric squints are different.

Corneal Staining Stains

Vital stains used for corneal staining include silver nitrate, fluorescein, and carbolic acid.

Intraocular Pressure

Normal intraocular pressure is approximately 13-21 mm Hg.

Optic Nerve Components

Optic nerve components include: the optic nerve; chiasm; visual pathways; and visual center.

Signs of Illness

Miosis: A-1b, B-2c, C-1a, 2b, 3c
Midriasis: A-1a, C-2b, D-1c, 2a, E-1a, 2c, 3b
Hyphema: A-1b, C-2a, D-1c, 2a, 3b

Nutriment of Choroid

Nutriment of the choroid is acquired via the posterior ciliary arteries

Tear Production Sequence

The tear ducts begin with tear glands, move to the points, the canaliculi to the sac and then the nasolacrimal canal.

Chalcosis

Eye conditions are listed for chalcosis. Chalcosis occurs when a foreign metal remains in the eye.

Dychromasia

Dychromasia is a color disorder in the visual field.

Posterior Synechiae

Posterior synechiae are an adhesion forming between the posterior surface of the iris and the anterior surface of the lens.

Structures Through Superior Orbital Fissure

Structures passing through the superior orbital fissure include the oculomotor nerve, along with the central retinal artery, and anterior ciliary arteries as well as the central retinal vein.

Retina Structure

The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, and is posterior to the vascular layer.

Optic Power of the Cornea

The optic power of the cornea is approximately 45 diopters.

Normal Intraocular Pressure

Normal intraocular pressure is usually between 13 and 21mm Hg.

Blood Supply to Ciliary Body and Iris

Blood supply is primarily via long posterior ciliray arteries, but also short posterior ciliary arteries and from medial arteries of eyelids

Pathogenic Causes of Optic Nerve Edema

Increased intraocular pressure; inflammatory diseases of optic nerve; increased intracranial pressure; retinal detachment; dystrophic retinal illnesses are potential pathogenic causes of optic nerve edema.

Compliance with Structure & Layer

Cornea (1) layers: connective tissue (c)
Eyelid (2) layers: connective tissue (c)
Retina (3): neuroreceptor (a)
Choroid (4): choroidal capillary (b)

Vascular Changes in Papilledema

In papilledema, blood vessels (veins and arteries) become dilated.

Innervation of the Cornea

The trigeminal nerve innervates the cornea.

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Features

Primary open angle glaucoma may be characterized by colored halos around lights, pain, and photophobia as well as lacrimation.

Retinal Pigmentosa Features, in fundus

Retinitis pigmentosa can show local hemorrhages, bone crumbs, and dystrophic lesions, amongst other symptoms.

Optic Neuritis Symptoms

Optic neuritis demonstrates possible deepening cup, unclear borders of the optic nerve disc, or "crushed tomatoes" along with red cherry spot.

Refractive Mediums of the Eye

The two main refractive mediums of the eye are the cornea and lens.

Sequence of Parenchymatous Syphilitic Keratitis

The three phases of parenchymal syphilitic keratitis are infiltration, vascularization, and resolution, which are ordered sequentially.

Eye Drainage System

The drainage system involves the trabecula, Schlemm's canal, and collector veins.

Eyelid Muscle

1.M. orbicularis oculi
3.M. levator palpebrae superior
4.M. rectus superior

Emmetrop Person with Near Vision Spectacles

Emmetropic persons of 60 years of age require approximately +3 diopters for near vision.

Intraocular Fluid Production

The ciliary body produces intraocular fluid.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Regeneration

The regenerative ability of endothelial cells in the cornea is only present in the limbal area.

Symptom of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

The symptom of central retinal artery occlusion is described as amaurotic catseye.

Symptoms of Glaucoma

Some common effects of glaucoma include symptoms like colored halos, pain, worsening vision, elevated intraocular pressure and disturbance of functions.

Lamina Cribrosa Location

The lamina cribrosa is situated within the retina.

Normal Central Vision

Normal central vision in most humans is 20/20

Blind Spot Location

In campymetry, the blind spot is approximately 15 degrees nasal to the fixation point.

Complication of Cellulitis

The most dangerous complication of cellulitis is cerebral involvement.

Cataract Extraction Procedures

Ocular operations for cataract include: nuclear removal, opaque lens removal, anterior capsule removal and posterior capsule removal, and vitreus body removal.

Tear Production Origin

Tears are secreted by the lacrimal glands, and then travel via the nasolacrimal ducts and eventually to the lacrimal puncta.

Sudden Vision Loss Causes

Sudden vision loss can be caused by optic atrophy, thrombosis of the central retinal branch vein, retinitis pigmentosa and neuritis among other causes .

Common Factor Between Open & Closed Angle Glaucoma

Swelling of the root of the iris is common in open and closed angle glaucomas, although other symptoms differ

Scotopic Vision Cause

Scotopic vision is due to rods and cones.

Most Common Retinitis Pigmentosa Symptom

The most frequent symptom associated with retinitis pigmentosa is metamorphopsia.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the intricate details of eye anatomy, including the origins of various parts of the eye and conditions such as conjunctivitis. This quiz covers topics like binocular vision and the anatomy of the structures involved in eye function.