Ophthalmology Emergency Assessment

Life-threatening problems, general condition stabilization, history of circumstances, and thorough examination of both eyes and orbits.

CT provides superior detection and localization of intraorbital foreign bodies as well as assessing the integrity of intracranial and facial structures.

The recommended management is a pressure bandage for 24-48 hours.

<p>Complications include secondary bleeding, which can occur during the first week and is more serious than the initial bleeding, typically seen in children and young individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open globe injuries include scleral rupture, laceration, and intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) such as penetrating or perforating injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI should be avoided as it can induce movement of the metallic foreign body, causing further trauma and damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common causes include squash balls, luggage straps, and champagne corks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corneal abrasion and hyphema are two complications associated with blunt trauma to the anterior segment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A penetrating wound occurs when a foreign body enters an anatomical structure, while a perforating wound occurs when a foreign body passes through such a structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The laceration should be sutured closed to promote faster healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms include immediate pain, foreign-body sensation, tearing, and discomfort with blinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superficial corneal foreign body should be removed, and topical antibiotics should be applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure patching helps relieve pain by immobilizing the eyelid, reducing rubbing against the corneal defect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key information includes the mechanism of injury, the material of the foreign object, and the nature of the impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bandage contact lens provides pain relief and assists in the reepithelialization of the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generally, small linear conjunctival lacerations do not need to be sutured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Previous ocular surgeries can affect the healing process and prognosis after trauma, as they may predispose the eye to complications or complicate surgical repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual acuity assists in predicting the final visual outcome in injured eyes, making it crucial for the assessment and planning of subsequent treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emergency measures should include applying a protective shield to the eye, ensuring no food or liquids are ingested, and initiating intravenous antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timely surgical repair minimizes risks such as additional damage to intraocular contents, inflammation, and microbial proliferation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of an afferent pupillary defect or a reverse Marcus Gunn response may suggest significant trauma or damage to the optic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetanus prophylaxis is crucial to prevent tetanus infection, especially in cases where the injury may involve contamination, such as from shattered glass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic injuries can complicate the overall treatment plan, requiring simultaneous attention to both ocular and non-ocular injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key signs include visible foreign bodies, a collapsed anterior chamber, and vitreous hemorrhage, which suggest penetration or perforation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps prevent sympathetic ophthalmitis, a rare but severe inflammation that can affect both the injured and fellow eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic ophthalmitis is a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis caused by antibody formation against the uveal tract due to ocular injury or surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs due to a sudden increase in orbital pressure from a striking object, often affecting the floor of the orbit while the lateral wall and roof remain intact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signs include ecchymosis, edema, and infraorbital nerve anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical diplopia may result from hemorrhage and edema restricting globe movements or mechanical entrapment of extraocular muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contusion, lamellar laceration, and superficial foreign bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iritis and hyphema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marked decrease in ocular ductions and boggy conjunctival chemosis with hemorrhage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penetrating injury has an entrance break without an exit break, while perforating injury has both entrance and exit breaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is inflammation of intraocular structures following trauma, with higher incidence linked to foreign bodies due to increased infection risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retinal tears and choroidal hemorrhage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inert, sterile foreign bodies such as stone or glass are generally well tolerated by the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypopyon is a sign of marked inflammation indicating potential endophthalmitis or severe ocular infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to protect the eye and reduce movement during the healing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyphema commonly occurs due to bleeding from the iris or ciliary body following trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plain radiographs or CT scans should be done to localize the foreign body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients typically experience pain, tearing, and sensitivity to light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary bleeding can occur, which is more serious than the initial bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traumatic mydriasis refers to an abnormal dilation of the pupil due to eye trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT is better for detection and localization of intraorbital foreign bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life-threatening problems must be identified and the patient's general condition stabilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate pain, foreign-body sensation, tearing, and discomfort with blinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be sutured closed for faster healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A penetrating wound involves a foreign body entering an anatomical structure, while a perforating wound passes through such a structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of the foreign body and application of topical antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It immobilizes the upper eyelid to relieve pain by preventing rubbing against the corneal defect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It typically occurs due to an object intruding between the globe and the orbital wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By ensuring no foreign body is present during the examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of object involved, forceful nature of the injury, and whether it was work-related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zinc and aluminum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents severe inflammation and potential loss of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deposits in Descemet membrane, greenish aqueous particles, and 'sunflower' cataract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroepithelial tissues such as iris muscles, ciliary epithelium, lens epithelium, and retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in electroretinography (ERG) signal amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For severe injuries with no prospect of vision retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe and irreversible damage to the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissemination of the metal and worsened inflammatory response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enucleation should be performed within 10 days of injury to reduce the risk of sympathetic ophthalmitis, which occurs due to immunological reactions after an ocular injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'exciting eye' is the traumatized eye, while the 'sympathizing eye' is the unaffected fellow eye that develops uveitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A blow-out floor fracture typically occurs due to a sudden increase in orbital pressure from a striking object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common signs include ecchymosis, edema, subcutaneous emphysema, and infraorbital nerve anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical diplopia is caused by hemorrhage and edema impeding eye movement, or mechanical entrapment of the inferior rectus or oblique muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contusion, lamellar laceration, and superficial foreign bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marked decrease in ocular ductions, boggy conjunctival chemosis with ecchymosis, and deepened anterior chamber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penetrating injuries have an entrance break but no exit break, while perforating injuries have both an entrance and exit break.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is inflammation of all intraocular structures except the sclera, with potential progression to panophthalmitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inert, sterile foreign bodies such as stone, sand, glass, porcelain, plastic, and cilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choroidal rupture and retinal tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involvement of the sclera during inflammation of intraocular structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iridodialysis, hyphema, and dislocated lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers