Questions and Answers
What is equilibrium?
A state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces.
What is the medulla oblongata?
The lowest part of the brain, continuous with the top of the spinal cord.
What does vascular mean?
Having (blood) vessels that conduct or circulate liquids (blood).
What is the auditory cortex?
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
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What does sensoineural refer to?
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What does binocular mean?
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What is static equilibrium?
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What is the thalamus?
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What does biconvex refer to?
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What is a tonometer?
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What does ototoxic mean?
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What is tinnitus?
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What is gonioscopy used for?
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What is seborrhea?
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What does audible mean?
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What is photophobia?
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What does miotic refer to?
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What is otosclerosis?
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What is amblyopia?
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What is vertigo?
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What is Hertz?
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What is mydriatic?
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What does supperative refer to?
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What does it mean to evert the eyelid?
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What is an audiologist?
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What is psoriasis?
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What does serous refer to?
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What is accommodation in the context of vision?
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What does AD stand for?
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What does ENT stand for?
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What does AK stand for?
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What does OAE stand for?
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What does EOM stand for?
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What does TM stand for?
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What does IOL stand for?
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What does UNHS stand for?
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What does LASIK stand for?
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What does MY stand for?
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What does PDR stand for?
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What does VA stand for?
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List and describe the three layers of the eye.
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List and describe two light sensitive neurons located in the retina.
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There is a natural blind spot in our vision where the _____________ is located.
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Describe the function of the vitreous humor.
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Describe the function of the aqueous humor.
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A visual impulse begins with the passage of light through the ___________, where light is ______________________.
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The ________________________ adjusts the curvature of the ________ to again refract light rays so that they pass onto the _____________.
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Focused light triggers the photoreceptor cells called _______ and _________.
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Light energy is converted into a(n) ____________________________.
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The electrical impulse is sent through the _______________ to the ________________ of the brain.
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The brain interprets the light impulses and a picture is created that we perceive as ______________.
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List the structures of the outer ear.
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What are the three bones in the middle ear called?
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What are the scientific names of the ossicles?
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List the three structures of the inner ear.
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Where is earwax or cerumen secreted?
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Which structure helps equalize the pressure between the middle ear and the throat?
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The ossicles transmit bone-conducted sound waves through the middle ear to the _____________________.
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Sound waves travel through the fluid of the inner ear as __________________.
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Located within the cochlea, the ___________________ contains receptors for sound.
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Semicircular canals detect ______________________ equilibrium, and the vestibule detects _____________ equilibrium.
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What is strabismus?
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What is nystagmus?
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What is a hordeolum?
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What is keratitis?
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What is conjunctivitis?
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What is nyctalopia?
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What is tinnitus?
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What is otitis externa?
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What is mastoiditis?
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What is otitis media?
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What does blepharoptosis refer to?
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What does exophthalmia mean?
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What is the Snellen alphabetical chart used for?
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What is the Ishihara color vision test?
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What is the Weber hearing test?
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What is the Rinne hearing test?
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology
- Equilibrium: A state of rest or balance due to opposing forces.
- Medulla Oblongata: The brain's lowest part connected to the spinal cord.
- Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels that circulate blood.
- Auditory Cortex: Area of the brain that processes auditory information.
- Dynamic Equilibrium: Balance while moving or rotating.
- Sensoineual: Involving sensory nerves, particularly related to hearing.
- Binocular: Relating to vision with both eyes.
- Static Equilibrium: Balance while moving in a straight path.
Structures of the Eye
- Thalamus: Sensory impulse relay to the cerebral cortex.
- Biconvex Lens: A lens with two outward curving surfaces.
- Tonometer: Device for measuring intraocular pressure.
- Ototoxic: Substances that can damage hearing or balance nerves.
- Tinnitus: Ringing, buzzing, or whistling sound perceptible without external stimuli.
- Goinoscopy: Diagnostic procedure for glaucoma and ocular movement inspection.
Conditions and Symptoms
- Seborrhea: Excessive sebum discharge causing greasy scales.
- Photophobia: Intense light sensitivity.
- Miotic: Substances that cause pupil constriction.
- Otosclerosis: Fused ossicles leading to conductive hearing loss.
- Amblyopia: Diminished vision with no organic defect.
- Vertigo: Dizziness or abnormal sensations of movement.
Measurement and Diagnosis
- Hertz (Hz): Measurement unit for sound frequency.
- Mydriatic Eye Drops: Dilate pupils for enhanced eye examination.
- Audiologist: Specialist in hearing function evaluation and impairment detection.
Eye Structure and Function
- Outer Eye Layers: Composed of sclera, cornea (outermost), choroid, iris, ciliary body (middle), and retina, lens (inner).
- Light Sensitivity Neurons: Rods (dim light) and cones (color and bright light).
- Vitreous Humor: Maintains shape of the posterior eye.
- Aqueous Humor: Maintains eye pressure and nourishes lens and cornea.
Visual Processing
- Light enters the cornea and is refracted.
- The ciliary muscle adjusts the lens for focusing.
- Photoreceptors (rods and cones) convert light to electrical impulses sent via the optic nerve to the visual cortex for interpretation as sight.
Ear Anatomy and Function
- Outer Ear Structures: Include the auricle and external auditory canal.
- Middle Ear: Houses the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) which transmit sound.
- Inner Ear Structures: Comprising the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule.
- Eustachian Tube: Balances pressure in the middle ear.
- Cochlea: Contains the organ of Corti that has sound receptors.
Ear Conditions
- Strabismus: Misalignment of the eyes.
- Nystagmus: Involuntary eye movement.
- Hordeolum: Infection of the eyelid's sebaceous gland.
- Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea.
- Conjunctivitis: Inflammation from irritation or infection.
- Otitis Media: Inflammation of the middle ear.
- Mastoiditis: Infection of the mastoid process from ear infections.
Hearing Tests
- Weber Test: Uses a tuning fork placed at the center of the head to evaluate hearing balance in both ears.
- Rinne Test: Compares bone conduction to air conduction using a tuning fork.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. Each card provides a clear definition of important concepts, helping you to reinforce your understanding of these fields in medicine.