Ophthalmology Diagnostic Tools

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What is the term for the contraction of the anterior capsule after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis?

Posterior capsular contraction

Anterior capsular contraction syndrome (correct)

Hyperopic shift

Capsular opacification

Why was cycloplegia not performed routinely for streak retinoscopy in this study?

Because it is contraindicated in dogs with glaucoma

Because it is not necessary for retinoscopy in canine eyes

Because it significantly affects the refractive error outcome

Because it does not significantly affect the refractive error outcome (correct)

Why were the retinoscopists not masked for IOL type?

Because of the need for concurrent surgeries

Because of the distinctive shapes of the IOLs used in this study (correct)

Because of the limited number of IOLs available

Because of the similar shapes of the IOLs used in this study

What was the method used to measure refraction in the study, and how many examiners were involved?

Streak retinoscopy was used to measure refraction, and two examiners were involved, masked to each other’s results. Signup and view all the answers

How many different IOLs were tested in the study, and what were their names?

Three different IOLs were tested: an-vision Fo-X, an-vision MD8, and I-MED I-LENS. Signup and view all the answers

How often were refractions measured in the study, and when were they measured?

Refractions were measured at three time points: 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the correlation analysis between the two examiners’ refraction measurements?

The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.97, 0.98, and 1.00 at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, respectively, indicating high correlation. Signup and view all the answers

What device was used to measure corneal curvature in this study, and what were the values measured?

Automatic handheld keratometer (HandyRef-K) and mean keratometry (R1/R2) values of the minor (R1) and major (R2) meridians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of performing gonioscopy in this study, and what instrument was used?

To determine surgical candidacy, and a Koeppe goniolens. Signup and view all the answers

What was the frequency of the transducer used in amplitude modulation and bright-scan ultrasonography, and what values were obtained?

12.5-MHz, and axial length (AxL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Signup and view all the answers

How many readings of the axial length and anterior chamber depth were taken at each session, and what was done with the readings?

2 readings, and they were averaged. Signup and view all the answers

What was the duration of the study, and what type of patients were included?

Between January 2021 and January 2022, and client-owned dogs of various breeds, sex, and ages. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of performing binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy in this study, and what instrument was used?

To evaluate the eye, and a Vantage Plus (Keeler Ltd) with a 28-D indirect lens (Volk Optical Inc). Signup and view all the answers

What type of agent was used to maintain the anterior chamber during the procedure?

Cohesive viscoelastic agent Signup and view all the answers

Why was the corneal incision enlarged with a keratome after lens extraction?

To accommodate the foldable lens introducer Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the randomization table in the IOL implantation process?

To ensure that a patient undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification surgery would not receive the same IOL in both eyes Signup and view all the answers

What type of suture was used to close the corneal incision?

8-0 polyglactin 910 suture in a double-sawtooth pattern (Vicryl; Ethicon Inc) Signup and view all the answers

What medications were administered as subconjunctival injections at the conclusion of surgery?

Gentamicin and betamethasone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of capsule contraction syndrome after microincision foldable intraocular lens implantation?

Hyperopic shift Signup and view all the answers

What types of medications were included in the standardized postoperative medication protocol?

Topical nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatories, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, antibiotic/anti-inflammatory combinations, and systemic antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, or glucocorticoid medications Signup and view all the answers

In which species have keratometry, biometry, and calculation of intraocular lens power been studied?

Equine, feline, and bald eagle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of retinoscopy in refractive state measurement?

To measure refraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of silicone oil tamponade in retinal reattachment?

It affects the refractive state Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of correlation analysis between examiners' refraction measurements?

To determine inter-examiner reliability Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Binkhorst and/or Retzlaff formulas in the context of IOL implantation in various species?

They are reliable to predict the required IOL dioptric power in dogs, cats, horses, raptors, a lion, and a tiger. Signup and view all the answers

How did the study demonstrate the reliability of the formulas in ametropic dogs requiring custom IOLs?

The study showed that there was no significant difference between the power of the implanted IOLs and the theoretical IOL power, nor any significant difference when comparing the postoperative refractive error and theoretical IOL power. Signup and view all the answers

What were the limitations of the study, and how did they affect the refractive results?

The limitations were an uneven distribution of IOLs due to various factors, including persistent anterior uveitis and missed follow-ups, as well as complications such as capsular contraction, haptic luxation, and IOL decentration. Signup and view all the answers

What were the causes of haptic luxation and IOL decentration in the study?

They were due to either preoperative or intraoperative lens capsule ruptures. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the postoperative follow-ups at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months in the study?

The follow-ups were used to assess the refractive error and compare it to the theoretical IOL power, but the uneven distribution of IOLs at these time points limited the study's results. Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of the study's findings for the use of custom IOLs in ametropic dogs?

The study's findings suggest that both formulas can be used to predict the required IOL power in ametropic dogs, making custom IOLs a viable option for these animals. Signup and view all the answers