Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat

Questions and Answers

What is the primary risk factor for bacterial keratitis?

Pre-existing ocular disease

Previous conjunctivitis

Contact lens (correct)

Outdoor trauma

Which antibiotic is most commonly used for endogenous endophthalmitis caused by a Gram + pathogen?

Vancomycin (correct)

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

Erythromycin

Ceftazidime

Which option is not considered a primary risk associated with contact lens use?

Use of expired lenses

Frequent changing of lens solutions (correct)

Wearing lenses overnight

Inadequate cleaning

What is a common misperception regarding the treatment of bacterial keratitis?

Antibiotic treatment is rarely necessary Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is directly affected in conductive hearing loss?

Tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

In the context of antibiotic treatment for ocular conditions, why is Erythromycin not usually the first choice for bacterial keratitis?

It is ineffective against most Gram - pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What type of auditory problem could cerumen accumulation lead to?

Conductive hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

Which ototoxic drug is known to be vestibulotoxic?

Amikacin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of untreated bacterial keratitis?

Corneal perforation Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the choice of antibiotics for eye infections, what can be said about Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid?

It provides a broad spectrum of action Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanical cause of conductive hearing loss?

Cerumen impaction Signup and view all the answers

What type of trauma is frequently linked to an increased risk of ocular infections?

Outdoor trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a common cause of hearing loss?

Peripheral neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ossicles in hearing?

Amplify and transmit sound vibrations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications has a reversible effect on hearing?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in impulse formation during hearing?

Organ of Corti Signup and view all the answers

Optic neuritis is considered an early indicator of which condition?

Multiple sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate treatment for an external hordeolum?

Warm compresses to the affected eye Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is least likely to be indicated by optic neuritis?

Multiple sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

In the case of an external hordeolum, which intervention is considered unnecessary?

Glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient with optic neuritis, which additional condition should be ruled out?

Meningitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for a hordeolum that has not resolved with conservative measures?

Incision and drainage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would not typically present with optic neuritis?

Chronic hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option for an external hordeolum specifically targets bacterial infection?

Antibiotic targeting Streptococci Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration for a chalazion to self-resolve?

1-2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is most commonly suggested for chalazion management?

Warm compresses and Baby shampoo scrubs Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common initial presentation of a chalazion?

A painless swelling on the eyelid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a potential risk factor for the development of a chalazion?

Blepharitis Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if a chalazion becomes large enough?

It may induce corneal astigmatism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the inflammation of the outer layer of the eye?

Scleritis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not typically considered in the differential diagnosis of a chalazion?

Tears syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with increased intraocular pressure leading to vision loss?

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

When should a patient with a chalazion be referred to an ophthalmologist?

If it has not resolved in 4-6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which eye condition is characterized by the presence of a foreign object in the eye?

Corneal Abrasion Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of a chalazion compared to other eyelid lesions?

It is a granulomatous infection of Meibomian glands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign growth on the eyelid?

Chalazion Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves the involuntary muscle spasms of the eyelids?

Blepharospasm Signup and view all the answers

What eye condition can result from a chemical burn?

Chemical Injury Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is indicated by swelling of the optic nerve head?

Papilledema Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication after trauma leading to significant loss of vision?

Retinal Detachment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Overview of EENT Disorders

Common disorders include issues related to the eyes, ears, nose, and throat.
Most patients can be managed in primary care settings, though some require specialist referrals.

Eye Diseases and Conditions

Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea.
Dacryocystitis: Infection of the tear sac.
Uveitis: Inflammation of the uveal tract.
Endophthalmitis: Inflammation within the eye, usually due to infection.
Chalazion: Painless eyelid lump from a blocked Meibomian gland.
Hordeolum (Stye): Painful infection of an eyelid gland.
Hyphema: Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.
Corneal Abrasion: Scratch on the cornea surface.
Retinal Detachment: Separation of the retina from underlying tissues.
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma: Sudden increase in intraocular pressure.

Risk Factors and Treatment

Chalazion: Often self-limited; management includes warm compresses and baby shampoo scrubs. If unresolved in 4-6 weeks, consider referral for drainage.
Bacterial Keratitis: Primary risk is contact lens wear; treated with antibiotics like Vancomycin.
Optic Neuritis: Early indicator of multiple sclerosis.

Anatomy of the Ear

Composed of three anatomical sections: outer, middle, and inner ear.
Sound waves travel through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane, setting up vibrations captured by ossicles, which transmit them to the cochlear duct.

Hearing Loss Considerations

Causes of hearing loss can be conductive (related to mechanical transmission issues) or sensorineural.
Common conductive issues include cerumen buildup, otitis externa, and tumors.
Ototoxic Drugs: Certain medications can cause hearing loss, including aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Streptomycin), antimalarials, and some diuretics, usually reversible upon discontinuation.

Patient Assessment

Important to take comprehensive history regarding hearing loss.
Encourage patient to rate pain levels for accurate assessment.
Be mindful of any potential exposure to ototoxic substances that may affect hearing.

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Description

This quiz covers essential information on the management of common disorders affecting the eyes, ears, nose, and throat (EENT). It is designed for healthcare professionals looking to enhance their knowledge in diagnosing and treating EENT conditions. Test your understanding of the various diseases and their management strategies.