Ophthalmic Refraction Techniques

<p>Add +0.25 D sphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine the Cylinder Power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove -0.25 DC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>JCC to Refine Sphere Power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase sphere power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20/20 line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Letters appear smaller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Try more plus power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine Sphere Power Starting Point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To balance out visual stimulus to accommodate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved visual acuity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding over-minusing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refine cylinder axis and power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of hypophoria or hyperphoria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subtract the smaller range from the larger range and then divide by two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of infravergence related to the right eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess recovery from vertical deviation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calibrate both prisms to zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1pd BU (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vertical phoria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To adjust the location of the Circle of Least Confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness in vertical muscle function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep it dark or very dim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Add plus sphere in 0.50 DS steps until the patient loses letters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plus 0.50 DS steps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Have the patient re-read the lowest line possible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove the last plus DS step and try minus DS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure only one eye is assessed at a time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Document the highest line they read and conclude (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create artificial emmetropia using corrective lenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine Sphere Power, JCC to Refine Cylinder Axis, JCC to Refine Cylinder Power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient experiences blur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illuminate corneal defects with vital dye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The retinal image may be blurred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure light focuses on the retina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine Sphere Power Starting Point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red free filter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To refine the cylinder axis and power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can create additional blur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of blur on BI vergence ranges at distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced Snellen (20/50 to 20/20) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduct fused cross cylinder test for near add determination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater than +2.50 D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reading chart (20/60 to 20/20) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine cylinder axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break and recovery of vertical vergence amplitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presbyopia evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross cylinder grid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determine the amount of near add required (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A change in the color of a part of the eye or skin.

A tool used to enhance visibility of corneal defects.

A vital dye used to illuminate eye defects.

A method to determine the eye's need for corrective lenses.

The condition where light focuses perfectly on the retina.

Testing one eye's refraction independently.

A test to refine cylinder axis and power in refraction.

Point where vision is clearest during astigmatism testing.

The distance between two lines of focus in astigmatism.

Adjusting vision in both eyes for even clarity.

A technique to refine cylinder axis and power in vision correction.

Adjusting the cylinder axis using the JCC method to achieve optimal vision clarity.

A method to determine the correct axis by seeing which orientation looks clearer.

Measurement of the amount of lens power change needed to correct vision.

The point in testing when no further improvements can be noticed by the patient.

Changing sphere power to maintain clarity when modifying cylinder power.

The ideal point on the retina where optical clarity is achieved.

A technique used to determine eye prescriptions by evaluating the reflection of light off the retina.

The clarity or sharpness of vision in one eye.

Visual acuity measured after retinoscopy to determine prescription success.

The strength of a lens needed to correct spherical refractive errors.

Incremental adjustments made with positive spherical lenses during vision testing.

A vertical eye movement where one eye moves upward relative to the other.

A vertical eye movement where one eye moves downward relative to the other.

A misalignment of the eyes in the vertical direction, often revealing under or overaction of eye muscles.

The point at which there is equal tilt in eye testing, suggestive of a specific phoria type and direction.

A condition where the right eye is positioned lower than the left eye when the patient is looking straight ahead.

Unequal eye movements when tested for both supravergence and infravergence, indicating possible phoria issues.

Assigning prism based on the greater range in eye movement testing to correct misalignments.

Assessment of horizontal and vertical eye movements to determine visual efficiency and alignment.

Blur in BI vergence ranges at distance and NRA > +2.50 D.

Used for visual acuity; not precise, speed decreases nearing threshold.

Measures near acuity with sizes from 20/50 to 20/20.

Used for FCC/BCC tests; not reliable for non-presbyopes.

Measured with horizontal lines; assesses break and recovery.

Single row chart used in refraction tests; specifics to be covered later.

Determines cylinder axis for irregular astigmatism and mild keratoconus.

A method where patients identify clearer lines for vision assessments.

Characteristics indicating difficulty adjusting focus at near distances.

A vision test method for each eye separately to refine lens power.

A condition where vision in one eye is reduced because it is not used normally during early childhood development.

Providing excessive minus lens power, leading to smaller and less clear letters in a vision test.

A method of determining eyeglass prescriptions based on patient feedback and preferences.

The clarity or sharpness of vision, often tested using an eye chart.