Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main focus of the Hawthorne studies?
What was the main focus of the Hawthorne studies?
- The relationship between technology adoption and efficiency.
- How environmental changes affected worker productivity. (correct)
- The effectiveness of team collaboration in a workplace.
- The impact of management techniques on employee motivation.
Which concept emphasizes the timely arrival of materials in operations management?
Which concept emphasizes the timely arrival of materials in operations management?
- Business process reengineering
- Time-Based Competition
- Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Just-In-Time (JIT) (correct)
What is the primary objective of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is the primary objective of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
- To improve employee satisfaction through engagement.
- To reduce operational costs significantly.
- To innovate new products rapidly.
- To enhance product quality and eliminate defects. (correct)
What does Supply Chain Management (SCM) primarily oversee?
What does Supply Chain Management (SCM) primarily oversee?
Which concept refers to adapting business practices to meet global market demands?
Which concept refers to adapting business practices to meet global market demands?
What is a key characteristic of Time-Based Competition?
What is a key characteristic of Time-Based Competition?
What was the significance of F.W. Harris in management science?
What was the significance of F.W. Harris in management science?
Which of the following best describes Business Process Reengineering?
Which of the following best describes Business Process Reengineering?
What is the main focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is the main focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
Which type of cost relates to discovering poor quality before the product reaches customers?
Which type of cost relates to discovering poor quality before the product reaches customers?
What does the concept of 'Fitness for Use' emphasize in quality assessment?
What does the concept of 'Fitness for Use' emphasize in quality assessment?
What is the primary role of operations management in a company?
What is the primary role of operations management in a company?
Which individual is known as the 'father of quality control'?
Which individual is known as the 'father of quality control'?
Which of the following best describes tactical decisions in operations management?
Which of the following best describes tactical decisions in operations management?
What does 'Value for Price Paid' indicate in terms of quality?
What does 'Value for Price Paid' indicate in terms of quality?
What significant concept did Adam Smith introduce in 1776?
What significant concept did Adam Smith introduce in 1776?
In environmental scanning, what should companies primarily focus on?
In environmental scanning, what should companies primarily focus on?
Which invention by James Watt in 1764 greatly influenced manufacturing processes?
Which invention by James Watt in 1764 greatly influenced manufacturing processes?
Which of the following best describes 'Support Services Provided' in the context of quality?
Which of the following best describes 'Support Services Provided' in the context of quality?
Which statement is true regarding Prevention Costs?
Which statement is true regarding Prevention Costs?
How did Henry Ford contribute to the field of operations management?
How did Henry Ford contribute to the field of operations management?
What is a quasi-manufacturing organization characterized by?
What is a quasi-manufacturing organization characterized by?
What criticism did the scientific management approach face?
What criticism did the scientific management approach face?
Which statement best describes the difference between manufacturing and service organizations?
Which statement best describes the difference between manufacturing and service organizations?
What is a characteristic of the Delphi Method in forecasting?
What is a characteristic of the Delphi Method in forecasting?
Which of the following forecasting methods is based on mathematical principles?
Which of the following forecasting methods is based on mathematical principles?
What is a limitation of the Naïve Method of forecasting?
What is a limitation of the Naïve Method of forecasting?
Which feature is essential to consider when selecting forecasting software?
Which feature is essential to consider when selecting forecasting software?
Statistical packages are known for being what in relation to forecasting?
Statistical packages are known for being what in relation to forecasting?
What is the main focus of the Just-in-Time (JIT) philosophy?
What is the main focus of the Just-in-Time (JIT) philosophy?
Which of the following accurately describes a pull system?
Which of the following accurately describes a pull system?
Which element of Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes solving quality problems at their source?
Which element of Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes solving quality problems at their source?
Which of these is NOT a key role people play in JIT?
Which of these is NOT a key role people play in JIT?
What does 'continuous improvement' mean in the context of TQM?
What does 'continuous improvement' mean in the context of TQM?
Which of the following best describes a push system in manufacturing?
Which of the following best describes a push system in manufacturing?
How does JIT impact accounting functions within a company?
How does JIT impact accounting functions within a company?
Which statement about forecasts is accurate?
Which statement about forecasts is accurate?
What is the primary purpose of cause-and-effect diagrams in quality management?
What is the primary purpose of cause-and-effect diagrams in quality management?
Which quality management tool is best suited for displaying the frequency distribution of data?
Which quality management tool is best suited for displaying the frequency distribution of data?
What does the ISO 9000 Standards certification process require from a company?
What does the ISO 9000 Standards certification process require from a company?
What is the focus of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
What is the focus of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
In quality control, what distinguishes assignable causes of variation from common causes?
In quality control, what distinguishes assignable causes of variation from common causes?
Which tool is primarily used to analyze the relationship between two variables in quality management?
Which tool is primarily used to analyze the relationship between two variables in quality management?
What does continuous improvement, or 'kaizen', emphasize in the context of quality management?
What does continuous improvement, or 'kaizen', emphasize in the context of quality management?
Which statistical method helps decide whether to accept or reject an entire batch of goods?
Which statistical method helps decide whether to accept or reject an entire batch of goods?
Flashcards
Operations Management (OM)
Operations Management (OM)
The core function that transforms resources (people, facilities, materials, tech) into products/services.
Strategic Decisions
Strategic Decisions
High-level decisions setting the direction for tactical decisions.
Tactical Decisions
Tactical Decisions
Short-term decisions focused on specific departments/tasks.
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Major historical period impacting manufacturing through new technology and efficiency.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Division of Labour
Division of Labour
Breaking down tasks to increase efficiency among workers, described by Adam Smith.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interchangeable Parts
Interchangeable Parts
Parts that are identical, allowing for easy replacement, introduced by Eli Whitney.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scientific Management
Scientific Management
Approach to improve efficiency and production through systematic improvements, often criticized as exploitative.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Moving Assembly Line
Moving Assembly Line
Process developed by Henry Ford, improving manufacturing through efficiency.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hawthorne Studies
Hawthorne Studies
Studies investigating how work environment changes (e.g., lighting) impact worker productivity.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Management Science
Management Science
Using quantitative methods to address operational issues in business.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Just-In-Time (JIT)
Just-In-Time (JIT)
An operations approach where materials arrive precisely when needed.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Focusing on quality improvements by eliminating defects and integrating quality into company culture.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Business Process Reengineering
Business Process Reengineering
Restructuring a company's methods to boost efficiency, quality, and lower costs.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mission
Mission
Statement defining a company's purpose and goals.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Managing the flow of materials and information from suppliers to customers.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Operation Managers
Operation Managers
Individuals responsible for ensuring smooth company operations.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Environmental Scanning
Environmental Scanning
Watching for trends in the market, economy, politics, and society to anticipate changes and adapt.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Supply Chain
Supply Chain
The network of activities involved in delivering a product or service to the customer.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Improving quality at every level of an organization, aiming for perfection.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prevention Cost
Prevention Cost
Costs incurred to prevent poor quality from happening.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Internal Failure Cost
Internal Failure Cost
Costs of discovering poor quality before reaching customers.
Signup and view all the flashcards
External Failure Cost
External Failure Cost
Costs of quality problems after reaching customers.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Quality Conformance to Specifications Definition
Quality Conformance to Specifications Definition
How well a product meets its design requirements.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Walter A. Shewhart
Walter A. Shewhart
Statistician who recognized variability in manufacturing processes and developed quality control charts.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Just-in-Time (JIT) Philosophy
Just-in-Time (JIT) Philosophy
A manufacturing strategy focusing on producing products only when needed by customers.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pull System
Pull System
A manufacturing strategy where production is triggered by customer demand.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Push System
Push System
A manufacturing strategy where products are made in advance of customer demand.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Measures that describe characteristics of a product/process.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mean
Mean
A statistic measuring the central tendency of a data set.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Distribution of Data
Distribution of Data
Shape of observed data, a descriptive statistic assessing quality.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forecasts
Forecasts
Predictions about future demand.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Six Sigma
Six Sigma
A quality improvement methodology aimed at reducing defects and improving processes.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Quantitative Forecasting
Quantitative Forecasting
Forecasting methods based on mathematical models to predict future values.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Qualitative Forecasting
Qualitative Forecasting
Forecasting methods using expert opinions or market research to predict future values.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Naïve Method
Naïve Method
A simple forecasting method assuming the next period's value equals the current period's value.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forecast Accuracy
Forecast Accuracy
How well a forecast matches actual results over time, measured through evaluation.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Delphi Method
Delphi Method
A forecasting technique using expert opinions anonymously to reach a consensus.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cause-and-effect diagrams
Cause-and-effect diagrams
Tools used to identify potential causes for quality problems, also known as fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
An award recognizing companies excelling in quality standards, established in 1987.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Control Charts
Control Charts
Tools for quality control, tracking process variations over time.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Common Causes of Variation
Common Causes of Variation
Uncontrollable variations in a process stemming from natural factors.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Customer Focus (TQM)
Customer Focus (TQM)
Understanding and meeting customer needs to enhance products or services.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Continuous Improvement (TQM)
Continuous Improvement (TQM)
Process of perpetually enhancing processes and procedures.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Descriptive Statistics (SQC)
Descriptive Statistics (SQC)
Statistical tools that describe quality data (like average, standard deviation).
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pareto Analysis
Pareto Analysis
An approach identifying the most significant problems impacting quality.
Signup and view all the flashcardsStudy Notes
Operations Management
- Finance handles cash flow, current assets, and capital investments.
- Marketing focuses on sales, customer demand, understanding customer needs.
- Operations Management is the backbone of a company, like an orchestra conductor.
- Operations Management transforms resources into products/services.
Effective Operations Management
- Short-term decisions focus on specific departments and tasks (tactical decisions).
- Long-term decisions guide tactical decisions (strategic decisions).
- Manufacturing produces tangible goods, and service organizations produce intangible services.
Historical Milestones
- Operations management is as old as civilization.
- Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on manufacturing.
- James Watt invented steam engines (1764).
- Adam Smith introduced division of labor (1776).
- Eli Whitney introduced interchangeable parts (1790).
Scientific Management
- Scientific management approach faced criticism for exploitation of workers.
The Human Relations Movement
- Hawthorne studies (1930s) investigated work environment impact on productivity.
Management Science
- Management science focused on quantitative techniques for operational issues.
- F.W. Harris created the first mathematical inventory model (1913).
The Computer Age
- Business operations were transformed by widespread computer adoption (1970s).
Just-in-Time (JIT)
- An important approach to coordinate material flow.
- Parts arrive exactly when needed.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Focuses on enhancing product quality.
- Eliminates defects to enhance quality.
Business Process Reengineering
- Reshapes company methods for efficiency, quality, and cost reduction.
- Highly personalized products/services on a large scale.
Time-Based Competition
- A trend to deliver products/services faster than competitors.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
- Oversees material and information flow from suppliers to customers.
Globalization
- Companies consider customers, competitors, and suppliers worldwide.
Sustainability and Green Options
- Waste reduction, recycling, and reusing products/parts are key concepts.
E-commerce
- Doing business online, vital for companies.
- Outsourcing is when a company contracts with an outside provider.
Strategy and Productivity
- Mission statement defines a company's purpose.
- Environmental scanning monitors trends in market, economy, etc.
Ethics in Supplier Management
- Supply chain coordinates activities to deliver finished products/services.
- Supply chains coordinate suppliers, transporters, internal depts, and 3rd party companies.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Aims to improve quality across all levels.
- Quality is subjective, defined differently by different individuals.
- Conformance to specifications measures a product's meeting of requirements.
- Fitness for use focuses on proper functionality.
Cost of Quality
- Prevention costs minimize quality issues.
- Appraisal costs are incurred during inspection.
- Internal failure costs are discovered before customer receipt.
- External failure costs occur after customer receipt.
- Walter A. Shewhart, W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, Philip B Crosby are key quality figures.
Quality Awards and Certifications
- Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award aims to promote quality.
- Deming Prize is a Japanese award for quality improvement.
- ISO 9000 & ISO 14000 standards certify quality systems and environmental standards.
Quality Control and Six Sigma
- Descriptive statistics describe quality characteristics.
- Acceptance sampling randomly inspects goods.
- Two main types of variation exist: common cause and assignable cause.
Lean Systems
- Core beliefs include waste elimination, broad operations view, simplicity, continuous improvement, visibility, and flexibility.
- JIT philosophy emphasizes making products only when customers need them (pull system).
- JIT manufacturing focuses on the production system to enable just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing.
- Respect for people, ensuring empowerment for employees.
- Quality at the source identifies and corrects problems at the source.
Forecasting and Demand Planning
- Forecasts are predictions about the future, but they are often imperfect.
- Quantitative forecasts use mathematical methods.
- Qualitative forecasts use subjective insights, like executive opinion.
Forecasting Software
- Spreadsheets and statistical packages are common tools.
- Choosing software depends on features, compatibility, ease of use, customization, and data size.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
