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Questions and Answers
What was the main focus of the Hawthorne studies?
What was the main focus of the Hawthorne studies?
Which concept emphasizes the timely arrival of materials in operations management?
Which concept emphasizes the timely arrival of materials in operations management?
What is the primary objective of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is the primary objective of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What does Supply Chain Management (SCM) primarily oversee?
What does Supply Chain Management (SCM) primarily oversee?
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Which concept refers to adapting business practices to meet global market demands?
Which concept refers to adapting business practices to meet global market demands?
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What is a key characteristic of Time-Based Competition?
What is a key characteristic of Time-Based Competition?
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What was the significance of F.W. Harris in management science?
What was the significance of F.W. Harris in management science?
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Which of the following best describes Business Process Reengineering?
Which of the following best describes Business Process Reengineering?
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What is the main focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
What is the main focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
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Which type of cost relates to discovering poor quality before the product reaches customers?
Which type of cost relates to discovering poor quality before the product reaches customers?
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What does the concept of 'Fitness for Use' emphasize in quality assessment?
What does the concept of 'Fitness for Use' emphasize in quality assessment?
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What is the primary role of operations management in a company?
What is the primary role of operations management in a company?
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Which individual is known as the 'father of quality control'?
Which individual is known as the 'father of quality control'?
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Which of the following best describes tactical decisions in operations management?
Which of the following best describes tactical decisions in operations management?
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What does 'Value for Price Paid' indicate in terms of quality?
What does 'Value for Price Paid' indicate in terms of quality?
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What significant concept did Adam Smith introduce in 1776?
What significant concept did Adam Smith introduce in 1776?
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In environmental scanning, what should companies primarily focus on?
In environmental scanning, what should companies primarily focus on?
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Which invention by James Watt in 1764 greatly influenced manufacturing processes?
Which invention by James Watt in 1764 greatly influenced manufacturing processes?
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Which of the following best describes 'Support Services Provided' in the context of quality?
Which of the following best describes 'Support Services Provided' in the context of quality?
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Which statement is true regarding Prevention Costs?
Which statement is true regarding Prevention Costs?
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How did Henry Ford contribute to the field of operations management?
How did Henry Ford contribute to the field of operations management?
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What is a quasi-manufacturing organization characterized by?
What is a quasi-manufacturing organization characterized by?
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What criticism did the scientific management approach face?
What criticism did the scientific management approach face?
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Which statement best describes the difference between manufacturing and service organizations?
Which statement best describes the difference between manufacturing and service organizations?
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What is a characteristic of the Delphi Method in forecasting?
What is a characteristic of the Delphi Method in forecasting?
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Which of the following forecasting methods is based on mathematical principles?
Which of the following forecasting methods is based on mathematical principles?
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What is a limitation of the Naïve Method of forecasting?
What is a limitation of the Naïve Method of forecasting?
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Which feature is essential to consider when selecting forecasting software?
Which feature is essential to consider when selecting forecasting software?
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Statistical packages are known for being what in relation to forecasting?
Statistical packages are known for being what in relation to forecasting?
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What is the main focus of the Just-in-Time (JIT) philosophy?
What is the main focus of the Just-in-Time (JIT) philosophy?
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Which of the following accurately describes a pull system?
Which of the following accurately describes a pull system?
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Which element of Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes solving quality problems at their source?
Which element of Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes solving quality problems at their source?
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Which of these is NOT a key role people play in JIT?
Which of these is NOT a key role people play in JIT?
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What does 'continuous improvement' mean in the context of TQM?
What does 'continuous improvement' mean in the context of TQM?
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Which of the following best describes a push system in manufacturing?
Which of the following best describes a push system in manufacturing?
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How does JIT impact accounting functions within a company?
How does JIT impact accounting functions within a company?
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Which statement about forecasts is accurate?
Which statement about forecasts is accurate?
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What is the primary purpose of cause-and-effect diagrams in quality management?
What is the primary purpose of cause-and-effect diagrams in quality management?
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Which quality management tool is best suited for displaying the frequency distribution of data?
Which quality management tool is best suited for displaying the frequency distribution of data?
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What does the ISO 9000 Standards certification process require from a company?
What does the ISO 9000 Standards certification process require from a company?
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What is the focus of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
What is the focus of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
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In quality control, what distinguishes assignable causes of variation from common causes?
In quality control, what distinguishes assignable causes of variation from common causes?
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Which tool is primarily used to analyze the relationship between two variables in quality management?
Which tool is primarily used to analyze the relationship between two variables in quality management?
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What does continuous improvement, or 'kaizen', emphasize in the context of quality management?
What does continuous improvement, or 'kaizen', emphasize in the context of quality management?
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Which statistical method helps decide whether to accept or reject an entire batch of goods?
Which statistical method helps decide whether to accept or reject an entire batch of goods?
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Study Notes
Operations Management
- Finance handles cash flow, current assets, and capital investments.
- Marketing focuses on sales, customer demand, understanding customer needs.
- Operations Management is the backbone of a company, like an orchestra conductor.
- Operations Management transforms resources into products/services.
Effective Operations Management
- Short-term decisions focus on specific departments and tasks (tactical decisions).
- Long-term decisions guide tactical decisions (strategic decisions).
- Manufacturing produces tangible goods, and service organizations produce intangible services.
Historical Milestones
- Operations management is as old as civilization.
- Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on manufacturing.
- James Watt invented steam engines (1764).
- Adam Smith introduced division of labor (1776).
- Eli Whitney introduced interchangeable parts (1790).
Scientific Management
- Scientific management approach faced criticism for exploitation of workers.
The Human Relations Movement
- Hawthorne studies (1930s) investigated work environment impact on productivity.
Management Science
- Management science focused on quantitative techniques for operational issues.
- F.W. Harris created the first mathematical inventory model (1913).
The Computer Age
- Business operations were transformed by widespread computer adoption (1970s).
Just-in-Time (JIT)
- An important approach to coordinate material flow.
- Parts arrive exactly when needed.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Focuses on enhancing product quality.
- Eliminates defects to enhance quality.
Business Process Reengineering
- Reshapes company methods for efficiency, quality, and cost reduction.
- Highly personalized products/services on a large scale.
Time-Based Competition
- A trend to deliver products/services faster than competitors.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
- Oversees material and information flow from suppliers to customers.
Globalization
- Companies consider customers, competitors, and suppliers worldwide.
Sustainability and Green Options
- Waste reduction, recycling, and reusing products/parts are key concepts.
E-commerce
- Doing business online, vital for companies.
- Outsourcing is when a company contracts with an outside provider.
Strategy and Productivity
- Mission statement defines a company's purpose.
- Environmental scanning monitors trends in market, economy, etc.
Ethics in Supplier Management
- Supply chain coordinates activities to deliver finished products/services.
- Supply chains coordinate suppliers, transporters, internal depts, and 3rd party companies.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Aims to improve quality across all levels.
- Quality is subjective, defined differently by different individuals.
- Conformance to specifications measures a product's meeting of requirements.
- Fitness for use focuses on proper functionality.
Cost of Quality
- Prevention costs minimize quality issues.
- Appraisal costs are incurred during inspection.
- Internal failure costs are discovered before customer receipt.
- External failure costs occur after customer receipt.
- Walter A. Shewhart, W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, Philip B Crosby are key quality figures.
Quality Awards and Certifications
- Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award aims to promote quality.
- Deming Prize is a Japanese award for quality improvement.
- ISO 9000 & ISO 14000 standards certify quality systems and environmental standards.
Quality Control and Six Sigma
- Descriptive statistics describe quality characteristics.
- Acceptance sampling randomly inspects goods.
- Two main types of variation exist: common cause and assignable cause.
Lean Systems
- Core beliefs include waste elimination, broad operations view, simplicity, continuous improvement, visibility, and flexibility.
- JIT philosophy emphasizes making products only when customers need them (pull system).
- JIT manufacturing focuses on the production system to enable just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing.
- Respect for people, ensuring empowerment for employees.
- Quality at the source identifies and corrects problems at the source.
Forecasting and Demand Planning
- Forecasts are predictions about the future, but they are often imperfect.
- Quantitative forecasts use mathematical methods.
- Qualitative forecasts use subjective insights, like executive opinion.
Forecasting Software
- Spreadsheets and statistical packages are common tools.
- Choosing software depends on features, compatibility, ease of use, customization, and data size.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Operations Management, including the key roles it plays within a company. Understand the historical milestones that shaped this field and the importance of effective management strategies for both manufacturing and services. Dive into concepts such as tactical and strategic decisions that guide operations.