Operationalization and Key Terms Flashcards

Study Notes

Operationalization and Terminology

Operationalization: Process of defining theoretical variables so they can be measured; involves stating hypotheses with either conceptual or operationalized variables.
Independent Variables: Variables that researchers manipulate to observe effects on other variables.
Dependent Variables: Variables that researchers measure to assess the impact of independent variables.
Variables: Elements that can hold different values; includes correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental types.
Factors: Specific variable types influencing dependent variables, including independent, quasi, mediators, and predictors.
Variable Definition: Something that varies with at least two levels; example includes income and socializing time.

Constants and Measurements

Constant: A factor that does not vary during the study, hence has only one level; nationality, in a study about Americans, is a constant.
Measured Variable: Levels are observed and recorded naturally; includes tangible measurements like height or abstract measurements like stress with specific questionnaires.
Manipulated Variable: Variables controlled by the researcher, typically through different levels assigned to participants, like varying medication dosages.
Non-Manipulated Variables: Some variables, such as age and IQ, cannot be manipulated due to ethical concerns or inherent challenges; they can only be measured.

Conceptual Definitions

Conceptual Variables: Abstract concepts that require precise theoretical definitions; also known as constructs.
Operational Definitions: Definitions created when turning concepts into measured or manipulated variables for research.

Types of Claims

Claim: An argument or assertion presented by an individual.
Frequency Claims: Describe rates or degrees of a single variable; indicators include percentages or activity levels; always measured.
Association Claims: Suggest a connection between variable levels; correlations can be positive, negative, or nonexistent; example: higher income correlates with less socializing.
Causal Claims: Assert that one variable influences another; characterized by phrases indicating cause and effect, such as "enhance" or "affect."

Description

Explore essential terminology related to operationalization in research through these flashcards. Learn how to define theoretical variables in measurable terms and examine the role of independent variables. Perfect for enhancing understanding in research methodologies.