Operating Theatre Classification

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the classifications of operating theatres based on type of surgery?

Sterile or ultra-sterile theatre

Single specialty or multi-specialty theatre

Major or minor theatre (correct)

Elective or emergency theatre

Which type of theatre is specifically designed for performing septic operations?

Sterile theatre

Septic theatre (correct)

Ultra-sterile theatre

Emergency theatre

Which of the following is NOT a room typically found in an operating theatre?

Scrub room

Reception area (correct)

Decontamination room

Induction room

What is a design factor that must be considered when planning an operating theatre?

Proximity to other departments Signup and view all the answers

In which zone of the operating theatre can personnel move about in street clothes?

Unrestricted zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)?

Recovery post-surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which type of operating theatre is characterized by having more stringent sterilization measures for transplants?

Ultra-sterile theatre Signup and view all the answers

The semi-restricted zone in an operating theatre includes which of the following?

Nurses station or counter Signup and view all the answers

What type of doors should be used in the facility?

Flush type made of steel Signup and view all the answers

Which property is essential for the flooring in the facility?

Slip resistant and washable Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal color for the walls in the facility?

Light blue or green Signup and view all the answers

What type of tap is recommended for scrub stations?

Foot operated taps Signup and view all the answers

How often should air exchange ideally occur in the operating room?

20 air exchanges per hour Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of a laminar flow system?

Generates positive air pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sink material is NOT suitable for scrub stations?

Ceramic Signup and view all the answers

What feature should the flooring have regarding washing?

Should withstand repeated washing with germicidal agents Signup and view all the answers

Which area is designated for the preparation of sterile instruments?

Sterile preparation room Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of zoning in a hospital environment?

Minimizes risk of hospital infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the required door type for each operating theatre (OT)?

Sliding doors Signup and view all the answers

Which zone is referred to as the dirty utility area?

Disposal zone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a quality of a standard operating room (OT)?

Too small to allow equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical floor space requirement for a cardiac surgery operating room?

600 sq.feet Signup and view all the answers

In which area should protective gear be worn due to the risk of splashing?

Disposal zone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rooms is meant for the relaxation of surgical staff?

Staff room Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of laminar flow theatres?

To reduce the number of infective organisms in the theatre air Signup and view all the answers

How frequently is the air changed in a laminar flow theatre?

300 times per hour Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range maintained in an operating theatre with laminar flow?

20°C to 23°C Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of a laminar flow system in terms of air purification?

HEPA filters that are 90% efficient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that interrupts laminar flow?

Open windows Signup and view all the answers

Why is only up to 80% of air recirculated in a laminar flow theatre?

To prevent build-up of anesthetic gases Signup and view all the answers

What can maintain sterility in the theatre during operations?

Minimizing talking or moving Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of having personnel present in the operating theatre?

They may disrupt laminar airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene in a hospital setting?

To prevent hospital acquired infections Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flora is typically present on the human body without affecting health?

Resident flora Signup and view all the answers

Which moment for hand hygiene occurs after body fluid exposure?

After body fluid exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the basic components required for effective hand washing?

Friction Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hand washing is performed mainly to clean hands of visible dirt?

Social hand washing Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal water temperature recommended for hand washing?

Warm water around 100F Signup and view all the answers

What is 'colonization resistance' in relation to normal flora?

The protection against pathogenic microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

How long should proper hand washing take?

40 to 60 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Operating Theatre Overview

An operating theatre is a specialized room within a hospital where surgical operations are performed.
Classifications include types of surgery (major/minor), specialties (e.g., general surgery, pediatric, orthopedic), urgency (emergency/elective), sterility (sterile/ultra-sterile/septic), and structure (modular/non-modular).

Design Considerations

Size must accommodate necessary equipment and surgical beds/patients.
Key factors include number of specialties, workload, geographic location, zoning, emergency exit access, ventilation, and drainage.

Rooms within an Operating Theatre

Key areas include:
- Changing room
- Induction room for anesthesia
- Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) for recovery
- Sterile preparation room
- Scrub room for surgical personnel
- Store and decontamination room

Operating Theatre Zones

Divided into four zones based on cleanliness:
- Unrestricted Zone: Accessible to personnel, patients; includes storage rooms and maintenance areas.
- Semi-restricted Zone: Limited access, includes nurses' station and pre-operative area.
- Restricted Zone: Only sterile team members; includes operation and anesthesia induction rooms.
- Disposal Zone: Receives contaminated instruments; mandatory protective gear required.

Importance of Zoning

Reduces risk of hospital infections.
Minimizes unnecessary movement of staff and supplies.
Enhances workflow and efficiency of the surgical team.

Operating Room Specifications

Standard OT size should allow free movement; larger for complex procedures (20x30 ft for cardiac/neuro, 18x18 ft for minor surgeries).
Doors must be spring-loaded or sliding to prevent airflow disturbance; should be flush and easy to clean.

Flooring and Wall Requirements

Flooring should be slip-resistant, easy to clean, and able to withstand disinfectants; should allow visibility for dropped objects.
Walls must be smooth, non-porous, and fire-resistant; light colors preferred for better lighting reflection.

Scrub Stations

Must accommodate multiple users and feature non-splashing, elbow/foot-operated taps along with proper drainage.

HVAC Systems

Controls temperature, humidity, and air quality within the operating theatre.
Two types: circulating (reuses air) and non-recirculating (fresh outside air).
20 air exchanges per hour recommended for optimal filtration.

Laminar Flow Systems

Maintains a continuous flow of filtered air to minimize airborne bacteria; capable of over 300 air changes per hour.
Utilizes HEPA filters to ensure air purity and prevent buildup of anesthetic gases.

Managing Sterility

Key practices include keeping areas closed off, limiting personnel movement, and placing the theatre away from heavily trafficked areas.
Effective hand hygiene is crucial in preventing infections.

Hand Hygiene Essentials

Hands are primary vectors for infections; hygiene practices are categorized into social, antiseptic, and surgical handwashing.
Normal flora provide a protective barrier against pathogens; effective hygiene reduces the risk of infections and antimicrobial resistance.

WHO's Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

Before clean/aseptic procedures.
Before patient contact.
After exposure to body fluids.
After patient contact.
After touching patient surroundings.

Components of Effective Hand Washing

Key components include soap, running warm water, friction, appropriate time (40-60 seconds), and proper drying techniques.

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Description

This quiz explores the different types of operating theatres based on surgery type, specialty, and urgency. It covers major and minor theatres, various medical specialties, and the distinctions between emergency and elective surgery environments. Assess your knowledge of surgical settings in hospitals.