Operating Systems and Business Processes Chapter 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of an Information System (IS)?

  • Collecting and processing data for any purpose
  • Transforming elements into a cybernetic system
  • Capturing and assembling elements for information dissemination
  • Storing and analyzing information for a specific purpose (correct)

According to the text, what are the essential components of a system?

  • Interrelated components, clearly defined boundary, and organized transformation process (correct)
  • Cybernetic control, self-regulation, and feedback loops
  • Isolation, independent operation, and random outputs
  • Input capture, process transformation, and output transfer

Which term best describes a system's function of capturing and assembling elements that enter the system for processing?

  • Input transformation
  • Input processing
  • Information retrieval
  • Data collection (correct)

In the context of systems, what does 'cybernetic' refer to?

<p>Self-monitoring and self-regulating systems with feedback and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates an Information System (IS) from a general system?

<p>The specific purpose of collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do systems achieve a common set of objectives according to the text?

<p>By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

<p>To design healthy work environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

<p>To perform the actual computation inside the computer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Secondary Memory (Storage) in a computer system?

<p>To store much larger amounts of data than Primary Memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Systems Software?

<p>Operating System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Proprietary Software from Open-Source Software?

<p>Proprietary software has restrictions on its use, copying, and modifications, while open-source software is freely available with public source code. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of supercomputers?

<p>To perform massive numeric computations for scientific, engineering, and business applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a computer is responsible for temporarily storing data that are frequently used by the CPU?

<p>Cache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an Input Technology like Barcode Scanners?

<p>Source-Data Automation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes RAM from ROM in a computer system?

<p>RAM is temporary memory that loses its data when the computer is turned off, while ROM retains its data even after a system crash. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the main function of Registers in a CPU?

<p>Registers are part of the CPU where arithmetic and logical operations take place. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Output Technologies in a computer system?

<p>Printer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of business process re-engineering?

<p>Radical redesign of business processes to increase productivity and profitability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of strategic information systems?

<p>Gain a competitive advantage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Porter’s Competitive Forces Model, what creates industry rivalry?

<p>Bargaining Power of Suppliers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cost leadership and differentiation as business-level strategies?

<p>Cost leadership focuses on producing goods at the lowest possible cost, while differentiation focuses on satisfying customers in a unique way (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of master data management?

<p>To store, maintain, exchange, and access the company’s data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of big data?

<p>Volume, velocity, variety, and data inconsistency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a database warehouse?

<p>To store static data that has been extracted from other databases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates data lakes from data warehouses?

<p>Data lakes store all data regardless of source and structure, while data warehouses store specific types of data with uniform structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a database management system (DBMS)?

<p>To create and manage a database (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of machine learning in the context of AI?

<p>Automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes strong AI from weak AI?

<p>Strong AI matches or exceeds human intelligence, while weak AI performs functions that once required human intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a knowledge management (KM) system?

<p>To manage organizational learning and know-how (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of classification problem are the number of classes unequally distributed?

<p>Imbalanced Classification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of machine learning involves training a system with relationships to mimic human expertise in a specific field?

<p>Expert Systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neural network is designed to identify edges, curves, and color density in image inputs?

<p>Convolutional Neural Network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of machine learning combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data during training?

<p>Semi-Supervised Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of classification problem involves classifying inputs into more than two classes?

<p>Multi-Class Classification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of machine learning involves learning from large amounts of data using artificial neural networks?

<p>Deep Learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result that shows a given condition exists when it does not called?

<p>False Positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ML involves the system learning to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?

<p>Reinforcement Learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the subset of ML that works with text and generates readable, grammatically correct text?

<p>Natural Language Processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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