38 Questions
What is the primary purpose of an Information System (IS)?
Storing and analyzing information for a specific purpose
According to the text, what are the essential components of a system?
Interrelated components, clearly defined boundary, and organized transformation process
Which term best describes a system's function of capturing and assembling elements that enter the system for processing?
Data collection
In the context of systems, what does 'cybernetic' refer to?
Self-monitoring and self-regulating systems with feedback and control
What differentiates an Information System (IS) from a general system?
The specific purpose of collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating information
How do systems achieve a common set of objectives according to the text?
By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process
What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?
To design healthy work environments
What is the function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?
To perform the actual computation inside the computer
What is the primary function of Secondary Memory (Storage) in a computer system?
To store much larger amounts of data than Primary Memory
What is an example of Systems Software?
Operating System
What distinguishes Proprietary Software from Open-Source Software?
Proprietary software has restrictions on its use, copying, and modifications, while open-source software is freely available with public source code.
What is the primary goal of supercomputers?
To perform massive numeric computations for scientific, engineering, and business applications
Which component of a computer is responsible for temporarily storing data that are frequently used by the CPU?
Cache
What is the main purpose of an Input Technology like Barcode Scanners?
Source-Data Automation
What distinguishes RAM from ROM in a computer system?
RAM is temporary memory that loses its data when the computer is turned off, while ROM retains its data even after a system crash.
What's the main function of Registers in a CPU?
Registers are part of the CPU where arithmetic and logical operations take place.
What is an example of Output Technologies in a computer system?
Printer
What is the main focus of business process re-engineering?
Radical redesign of business processes to increase productivity and profitability
What is the primary goal of strategic information systems?
Gain a competitive advantage
According to Porter’s Competitive Forces Model, what creates industry rivalry?
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
What is the difference between cost leadership and differentiation as business-level strategies?
Cost leadership focuses on producing goods at the lowest possible cost, while differentiation focuses on satisfying customers in a unique way
What is the purpose of master data management?
To store, maintain, exchange, and access the company’s data
What are the characteristics of big data?
Volume, velocity, variety, and data inconsistency
What is the primary function of a database warehouse?
To store static data that has been extracted from other databases
What differentiates data lakes from data warehouses?
Data lakes store all data regardless of source and structure, while data warehouses store specific types of data with uniform structure
What is the primary purpose of a database management system (DBMS)?
To create and manage a database
What is the main focus of machine learning in the context of AI?
Automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed
What distinguishes strong AI from weak AI?
Strong AI matches or exceeds human intelligence, while weak AI performs functions that once required human intelligence
What is the primary role of a knowledge management (KM) system?
To manage organizational learning and know-how
In which type of classification problem are the number of classes unequally distributed?
Imbalanced Classification
What type of machine learning involves training a system with relationships to mimic human expertise in a specific field?
Expert Systems
Which type of neural network is designed to identify edges, curves, and color density in image inputs?
Convolutional Neural Network
Which type of machine learning combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data during training?
Semi-Supervised Learning
What type of classification problem involves classifying inputs into more than two classes?
Multi-Class Classification
Which type of machine learning involves learning from large amounts of data using artificial neural networks?
Deep Learning
What is the result that shows a given condition exists when it does not called?
False Positive
Which type of ML involves the system learning to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?
Reinforcement Learning
What is the subset of ML that works with text and generates readable, grammatically correct text?
Natural Language Processing
Test your knowledge of operating system user interfaces and business process concepts from Chapter 2. Explore the differences between closed-source and open-source OS, as well as the measurement of business processes based on efficiency and effectiveness.
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