Operating Systems and Business Processes Chapter 2

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What is the primary purpose of an Information System (IS)?

Collecting and processing data for any purpose

Transforming elements into a cybernetic system

Capturing and assembling elements for information dissemination

Storing and analyzing information for a specific purpose (correct)

According to the text, what are the essential components of a system?

Interrelated components, clearly defined boundary, and organized transformation process (correct)

Cybernetic control, self-regulation, and feedback loops

Isolation, independent operation, and random outputs

Input capture, process transformation, and output transfer

Which term best describes a system's function of capturing and assembling elements that enter the system for processing?

Input transformation

Input processing

Information retrieval

Data collection (correct)

In the context of systems, what does 'cybernetic' refer to?

Self-monitoring and self-regulating systems with feedback and control Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates an Information System (IS) from a general system?

The specific purpose of collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating information Signup and view all the answers

How do systems achieve a common set of objectives according to the text?

By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering)?

To design healthy work environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

To perform the actual computation inside the computer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Secondary Memory (Storage) in a computer system?

To store much larger amounts of data than Primary Memory Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Systems Software?

Operating System Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Proprietary Software from Open-Source Software?

Proprietary software has restrictions on its use, copying, and modifications, while open-source software is freely available with public source code. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of supercomputers?

To perform massive numeric computations for scientific, engineering, and business applications Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a computer is responsible for temporarily storing data that are frequently used by the CPU?

Cache Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an Input Technology like Barcode Scanners?

Source-Data Automation Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes RAM from ROM in a computer system?

RAM is temporary memory that loses its data when the computer is turned off, while ROM retains its data even after a system crash. Signup and view all the answers

What's the main function of Registers in a CPU?

Registers are part of the CPU where arithmetic and logical operations take place. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Output Technologies in a computer system?

Printer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of business process re-engineering?

Radical redesign of business processes to increase productivity and profitability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of strategic information systems?

Gain a competitive advantage Signup and view all the answers

According to Porter’s Competitive Forces Model, what creates industry rivalry?

Bargaining Power of Suppliers Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cost leadership and differentiation as business-level strategies?

Cost leadership focuses on producing goods at the lowest possible cost, while differentiation focuses on satisfying customers in a unique way Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of master data management?

To store, maintain, exchange, and access the company’s data Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of big data?

Volume, velocity, variety, and data inconsistency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a database warehouse?

To store static data that has been extracted from other databases Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates data lakes from data warehouses?

Data lakes store all data regardless of source and structure, while data warehouses store specific types of data with uniform structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a database management system (DBMS)?

To create and manage a database Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of machine learning in the context of AI?

Automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes strong AI from weak AI?

Strong AI matches or exceeds human intelligence, while weak AI performs functions that once required human intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a knowledge management (KM) system?

To manage organizational learning and know-how Signup and view all the answers

In which type of classification problem are the number of classes unequally distributed?

Imbalanced Classification Signup and view all the answers

What type of machine learning involves training a system with relationships to mimic human expertise in a specific field?

Expert Systems Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neural network is designed to identify edges, curves, and color density in image inputs?

Convolutional Neural Network Signup and view all the answers

Which type of machine learning combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data during training?

Semi-Supervised Learning Signup and view all the answers

What type of classification problem involves classifying inputs into more than two classes?

Multi-Class Classification Signup and view all the answers

Which type of machine learning involves learning from large amounts of data using artificial neural networks?

Deep Learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the result that shows a given condition exists when it does not called?

False Positive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ML involves the system learning to achieve a goal in an uncertain and complex environment?

Reinforcement Learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the subset of ML that works with text and generates readable, grammatically correct text?

Natural Language Processing Signup and view all the answers