Operating Systems: Multiprogramming & Multitasking

A program is a passive entity stored on disk (executable file), while a process is an active entity that is being executed.

The degree of multiprogramming refers to the number of processes that are currently residing in memory.

True (A)

<p>Multitasking provides the user with a fast response time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A timeslice is the amount of time a process is allowed to execute before the CPU switches to another process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A PCB serves as a data structure that represents a process in the operating system, storing important information about its state, resources, and execution context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System Restart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cascading termination is a process termination model where the termination of a parent process automatically leads to the termination of all its child processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threads are lightweight processes that share the same address space with other threads within the same process, while processes are heavier and have their own independent address space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threads share the same process address space and resources, making inter-thread communication significantly faster than process-to-process communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A problem in one thread can potentially disrupt other threads running within the same process, causing unpredictable behavior and even crashes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A program in execution. Unlike a passive program stored on disk, a process is active and running in memory.

The number of processes currently residing in memory and ready to be executed by the operating system.

A technique where the operating system switches between multiple processes in memory, giving each a short burst of CPU time.

The state of a process represents its current activity. It can be New, Ready, Running, Waiting, or Terminated.

A data structure maintained by the operating system to store information about each process. This data is crucial for managing and coordinating the execution of processes.

The component of the operating system responsible for selecting the next process to be executed by the CPU from the ready queue.

A queue containing processes that are ready to be executed by the CPU.

A queue containing processes that are waiting for some event, like an I/O operation, to complete.

The act of switching the CPU from one process to another, including saving the state of the old process and loading the state of the new one.

The creation of a new process from an existing process. The new process is called a child process, and the original is the parent process.

The termination of a process, either voluntarily by the process itself or involuntarily due to an error or external termination.

A lightweight process that shares the same address space with other threads in the same process, allowing for more efficient communication but increased risk of shared resource issues.

The ability of a process to have multiple threads of control, allowing it to perform multiple tasks concurrently. Each thread can execute independently, giving the appearance of parallelism.

The process of a process creating new processes.

The process of a process terminating its execution.

A process that creates another process.

A process that is created by another process.

A process that can be executed concurrently with its parent process.

The program counter of a thread. It indicates the next instruction that the thread will execute.

A set of registers that hold temporary data and the state of a thread. Different threads have their own register sets to ensure independent execution.

A memory area dedicated to a specific thread, containing temporary data like function parameters, local variables, and return addresses. It is unique to each thread and is used for its own calculations and function calls.

The ability of a process to share its address space with all its threads, allowing them to access the same data and code.

The ability of threads to directly communicate with each other within the same process, without the need for complex inter-process communication mechanisms.