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Multiprogramming vs Multiprocessing
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Multiprogramming vs Multiprocessing

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of multiprogramming?

  • Supports simultaneous execution of multiple programs.
  • Manages resources through a centralized processing unit.
  • Allows several unrelated programs to compete for the processor. (correct)
  • Requires multiple CPUs to function effectively.

    • How do multiprogramming and multitasking relate to time-sharing?

  • Multitasking utilizes multiple CPUs while multiprogramming does not.
  • Both require assembly language for efficient processing.
  • Both allow only one user access to the computer at a time.
  • Time-sharing facilitates interaction for many users by using multiprogramming. (correct)

    • What is the primary feature of multiprocessing?

  • Executes several programs sequentially.
  • Processes tasks only when a user is active.
  • Allows simultaneous execution using multiple CPUs. (correct)
  • Utilizes a single CPU for program execution.

    • Which of the following describes machine language?

    <p>It consists of sequences of 1's and 0's.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assembly language primarily known for?

    <p>Utilizing mnemonic operation codes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In programming, what does coding refer to?

    <p>The writing of sequences of instructions for a computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language is the most fundamental for computer processing?

    <p>Machine Language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between multiprogramming and multiprocessing?

    <p>Multiprocessing allows simultaneous program execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cut-off procedures designed to ensure?

    <p>Transactions are processed in a timely manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes file controls?

    <p>Ensuring the correct data files are used in processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a decentralized information system?

    <p>Users have immediate access to information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does balancing refer to in data processing?

    <p>Establishing control totals over submitted data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding decentralized systems?

    <p>They involve localized computers at various sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of distributed processing?

    <p>Multiple computers work together on a single application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are rejected data procedures designed to ensure?

    <p>Rejected items are complete before reprocessing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of centralized processing?

    <p>Multiple users can process data simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What collective term best describes the data viewed by the inventory clerk on screen, including part number and quantity on-hand?

    <p>Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is most commonly used by banks to automate the input of paper documents like checks?

    <p>Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about personal, midrange, and mainframe computers is true?

    <p>The cost per transaction on each type of computer has decreased in recent years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure is indicative of a microprocessor's computational power?

    <p>Number of bits processed per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) primarily aim to reduce the likelihood of what?

    <p>Losing data stored in main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between online, real-time database systems and batch processing systems?

    <p>A firm may use both processing modes concurrently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When discussing data integrity in database systems, which concern is primarily addressed by UPS?

    <p>Data loss during unexpected power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of programming languages, what differentiates midrange computers from mainframes?

    <p>Mainframes typically require more complex programming than midrange systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software allows users to evaluate it before making a purchase?

    <p>Shareware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of data file concepts is best for handling customer inquiries in a business's accounts receivable?

    <p>Record keys, indexes, and pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of program generates periodic payrolls and reports?

    <p>Application program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition for middleware in computing?

    <p>Software that bridges two different applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software is characterized as operating without charge but may have restrictions on features?

    <p>Freeware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of online system involves updating master files in batch mode overnight while allowing for daily queries?

    <p>Remote job entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about coding is false?

    <p>Secondary keys are only used for backup purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason for the brand managers' unsuccessful data integration efforts?

    <p>Inconsistencies in the mainframe data due to lack of integrity constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common benefit of using electronic funds transfer (EFT) for cash transactions?

    <p>Improvement of the audit trail for cash receipts and disbursements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of program checks for syntax errors and translates statements into an object program?

    <p>Compiler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a system that allows for online querying while processing updates in batch mode?

    <p>Remote job entry system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is not typically considered a benefit of electronic funds transfer (EFT)?

    <p>Complete elimination of transaction fees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of key is primarily used to identify records within a database?

    <p>Primary key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiprogramming vs Multiprocessing

    • Multiprogramming allows multiple unrelated programs to run concurrently by sharing CPU time, ensuring no interference.
    • Although programs appear to run concurrently, they actually take turns using the CPU.
    • Time-sharing enhances multiprogramming by enabling many users to interact with a single computer simultaneously.
    • Multiprocessing involves multiple CPUs linked together for parallel processing, enabling simultaneous execution of several programs.
    • Multiprogramming is based on one CPU, while multiprocessing utilizes multiple CPUs for faster processing.

    Programming Languages

    • Programming languages are systems of symbols and characters enabling communication between humans and computers.
    • Coding, the process of writing instructions for computers, can range from machine language to natural language-like syntax.
    • Machine Language is the fundamental language for computers, consisting of binary codes (1's and 0's) directly executable without translation.
    • Assembly Language is low-level language using mnemonic codes for operations, making it easier to remember and type.

    Key Programming Concepts

    • Cut-off Procedures: Ensure transactions are processed in the correct accounting period.
    • File Controls: Procedures to confirm correct data files are engaged in online processing.
    • Master File Controls: Manage changes to master files similarly to input controls.
    • Balancing: Establish control totals for data processing to maintain accuracy and completeness.
    • Rejected Data: Procedures ensuring completeness of rejected items before reprocessing.

    Centralized vs Decentralized Processing

    • Centralized Processing: All data processing occurs at a single mainframe computer location, allowing for organization-wide operations.
    • Decentralized Processing: Involves multiple localized computers handling data independently, offering quicker access to information for users.

    Distributed Processing

    • Distributed Processing utilizes multiple computers to run applications, often across Local Area Networks (LANs).
    • It involves a system where a single program can execute simultaneously across different sites.

    Computer Output Terms

    • Fields, databases, files, and records are terms used to describe data organization in computing.
    • For example, inventory data on-screen includes part numbers, descriptions, and quantities, forming a record.

    Automation and Data Entry

    • Common automation devices in banks include Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) for processing paper documents.
    • Online real-time systems and batch processing can coexist within firms, adapting to operational needs.

    Software Types and Characteristics

    • Compilers convert source language statements into object programs while checking for syntax errors.
    • Shareware refers to software available on a trial basis, allowing users to test before purchasing.
    • Magnetic disks are often used for data storage, employing concepts such as record keys, indexes, and pointers for efficient data retrieval.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    • The computational power of a microprocessor is indicated by the number of bits processed per second.
    • Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) help prevent data loss in computer centers.
    • Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) enhances auditing trails for international cash transactions, promoting efficiency and reducing errors.

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    Description

    Explore the differences between multiprogramming and multiprocessing in this quiz. Learn how each method manages CPU time and utilizes resources for effective computing. Understand how programming languages play a role in this context.

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