Operating Systems Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an operating system?

  • To manage computer hardware resources and provide common services to computer programs (correct)
  • To connect devices in a network
  • To design and implement databases
  • To provide a platform for developing web applications

Which of the following is a type of front-end development?

  • Database management using relational databases
  • Network topology design using bus and star topologies
  • Server-side development using languages like Ruby, Python, PHP
  • Client-side development using HTML, CSS, JavaScript (correct)

What is the purpose of TCP/IP in computer networks?

  • To design and implement databases
  • To provide a platform for developing web applications
  • To manage computer hardware resources
  • To facilitate communication between devices in a network (correct)

What is the primary function of a database management system?

<p>To design and implement databases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a high-level programming language?

<p>It is easy to learn and use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a relational database and a NoSQL database?

<p>Relational databases use tables, while NoSQL databases use documents or key-value pairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the HTTP protocol in computer networks?

<p>To transfer data over the internet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a relational database management system?

<p>It allows for structured and standardized data storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of back-end development in web development?

<p>Server-side logic, database integration, and API connectivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of object-oriented programming?

<p>It organizes code into objects and classes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Operating Systems

  • Definition: A software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services to computer programs
  • Types:
    • Single-user, single-tasking (e.g., MS-DOS)
    • Multi-user, single-tasking (e.g., Unix)
    • Multi-user, multi-tasking (e.g., Windows, macOS)
  • Functions:
    • Process management
    • Memory management
    • File system management
    • I/O management
    • Security and protection
  • Examples:
    • Windows
    • macOS
    • Linux
    • Unix

Web Development

  • Definition: The process of building and maintaining websites and web applications
  • Front-end development:
    • Client-side development using HTML, CSS, JavaScript
    • Focus on user interface and user experience
  • Back-end development:
    • Server-side development using languages like Ruby, Python, PHP
    • Focus on server-side logic, database integration, and API connectivity
  • Frameworks and libraries:
    • Front-end: React, Angular, Vue.js
    • Back-end: Ruby on Rails, Django, Flask
  • Databases:
    • Relational databases (e.g., MySQL)
    • NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB)

Computer Networks

  • Definition: A group of interconnected devices that communicate with each other
  • Types:
    • LAN (Local Area Network)
    • WAN (Wide Area Network)
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
    • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
  • Network topologies:
    • Bus
    • Star
    • Ring
    • Mesh
  • Network protocols:
    • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
    • FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
    • DNS (Domain Name System)

Database Management

  • Definition: The process of designing, implementing, and managing databases
  • Database types:
    • Relational databases (e.g., MySQL)
    • NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB)
    • Object-oriented databases
    • Time-series databases
  • Database management systems:
    • DBMS (Database Management System)
    • RDBMS (Relational Database Management System)
  • Database design:
    • Database normalization
    • Entity-relationship diagrams
    • Data modeling

Programming Languages

  • Definition: A set of instructions used to write software programs
  • Types:
    • High-level languages (e.g., Python, Java)
    • Low-level languages (e.g., Assembly, C)
    • Scripting languages (e.g., JavaScript, Ruby)
    • Functional programming languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp)
  • Programming paradigms:
    • Imperative programming
    • Object-oriented programming
    • Functional programming
    • Declarative programming
  • Examples:
    • Python
    • Java
    • C++
    • JavaScript

Operating Systems

  • Manage computer hardware resources and provide common services to computer programs
  • Types: Single-user, single-tasking, Multi-user, single-tasking, Multi-user, multi-tasking
  • Process management: Creating, running, and terminating processes
  • Memory management: Allocating and deallocating memory for programs
  • File system management: Providing access to files and directories
  • I/O management: Managing input/output operations between devices and programs
  • Security and protection: Controlling access to computer resources
  • Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix

Web Development

  • Building and maintaining websites and web applications
  • Front-end development: Client-side development using HTML, CSS, JavaScript
  • Focus on user interface and user experience
  • Back-end development: Server-side development using languages like Ruby, Python, PHP
  • Focus on server-side logic, database integration, and API connectivity
  • Frameworks and libraries: React, Angular, Vue.js (Front-end), Ruby on Rails, Django, Flask (Back-end)
  • Databases: Relational databases (e.g., MySQL), NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB)

Computer Networks

  • Group of interconnected devices that communicate with each other
  • Types: LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
  • Network topologies: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh
  • Network protocols: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), DNS (Domain Name System)
  • Communication: Devices exchange data through protocols

Database Management

  • Designing, implementing, and managing databases
  • Database types: Relational databases (e.g., MySQL), NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB), Object-oriented databases, Time-series databases
  • Database management systems: DBMS (Database Management System), RDBMS (Relational Database Management System)
  • Database design: Database normalization, Entity-relationship diagrams, Data modeling
  • Data storage and retrieval: Organizing and accessing data efficiently

Programming Languages

  • Set of instructions used to write software programs
  • Types: High-level languages (e.g., Python, Java), Low-level languages (e.g., Assembly, C), Scripting languages (e.g., JavaScript, Ruby), Functional programming languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp)
  • Programming paradigms: Imperative programming, Object-oriented programming, Functional programming, Declarative programming
  • Examples: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript

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