Operating Systems: Computer System Components

Acts as a layer between applications and hardware, providing abstractions for applications, managing and hiding hardware details, and providing protection.

To initialize the operating system by locating and loading the system kernel and executing the first process.

Ensures organized access to memory, allowing concurrent access by multiple parts of the computer system.

<p>A set of operations performed by the computer when it is switched on, which loads an operating system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect devices (such as disks, USB peripherals, display adapters, and network adapters) to the CPU through a common bus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing one process or user from clobbering another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To load the operating system into memory and start it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inform the CPU to initiate or finish an event by triggering an interrupt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A signal sent by a device to the processor to request the processor to perform a particular task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CPU stops what it is doing and immediately transfers execution to the interrupt service routine (ISR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the nature of the interrupt and perform the necessary actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain the addresses of all the service routines for the interrupt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To distinguish between a task that is executed on behalf of the OS or user.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The computation resumes as though the interrupt had not occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because I/O instructions are privileged instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hardware interrupt is triggered by a signal sent to the CPU, usually through the system bus, while a software interrupt is triggered by executing a system call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent a user program from gaining control of the computer in monitor mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trap is a software-generated interrupt caused by an error, such as arithmetic overflow, division by zero, or executing an illegal instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate between at least two modes of operations: user mode and monitor mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Main memory is the only storage media that the CPU can access directly, whereas secondary storage provides large nonvolatile storage capacity and acts as an extension of main memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hardware switches to monitor mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disk controller determines the logical interaction between the disk device and the computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caching involves keeping information in memory, which is then copied into the cache when required, to improve system performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Base register and Limit register</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are used to implement memory protection, and only the operating system should be able to modify them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the operating system maintains control and to implement time sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An interrupt occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent programs from accessing unauthorized memory regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor mode</p> Signup and view all the answers