Computer Science: Operating Systems and Architectures
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Control Unit in a computer?

  • Coordinates data movement into and out of the processor.
  • Interprets instructions and controls data flow.
  • Directs the user interface and provides visual feedback. (correct)
  • Manages execution units (e.g., ALU) and handles tasks like fetching, decoding, and storing results.

    • Which of the following is a key objective of Operating Systems?

  • To ensure the system is aesthetically pleasing.
  • To provide a user-friendly environment for interacting with the system. (correct)
  • To maximize the complexity of system administration.
  • To limit the types of software applications that can run on the system.

    • Which computer generation primarily used transistors instead of vacuum tubes?

  • First Generation
  • Fourth Generation
  • Third Generation
  • Second Generation (correct)

    • What is the primary role of the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) in a computer?

    <p>Perform mathematical and logical operations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a computer's block diagram?

    <p>Network Interface Card (NIC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of first-generation computers?

    <p>High reliability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key advancement characterized the transition from first to second generation computers?

    <p>Replacement of vacuum tubes with transistors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an operating system?

    <p>Managing computer hardware and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the system calls in an operating system?

    <p>To allow programs to request services from the operating system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a major function/service of an operating system?

    <p>Creating and distributing software applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of computers introduced the concept of multitasking?

    <p>Third generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core program of an operating system called?

    <p>Kernel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fifth-generation computers?

    <p>Artificial intelligence and human-like processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evolution of Computers

    • Computers are electronic devices processing and storing data.
    • Five generations mark their development:
      • First Generation (1940s-1950s): Vacuum tubes, magnetic drums, large, expensive, unreliable. Key example: ENIAC
      • Second Generation (1956-1963): Replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, introduced symbolic languages (COBOL, FORTRAN).
      • Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits (ICs), miniaturized transistors, keyboards, monitors, operating systems, multitasking.
      • Fourth Generation (1972 onward): Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), microprocessors, personal computers (PCs).
      • Fifth Generation (Present and Future): Artificial Intelligence (AI), human-like thinking and behavior, e.g., PARAM 10000 or IBM notebooks.

    Operating Systems (OS)

    • An OS acts as an intermediary between users and computer hardware.
    • It manages hardware resources (CPU, memory, I/O).
    • The kernel is the core OS program running continuously.
    • Objectives: Convenience, efficiency, ability to evolve.
    • Key functions: program development (editors, debuggers), program execution, I/O device access, file access, system access, error handling, accounting.

    Computer Organization

    • Input units send signals to the computer (keyboard, mouse).
    • Output units display results (monitor, printer).
    • Basic functions: data processing, storage, movement, control.

    Control Unit

    • Coordinates data movement within the processor.
    • Interprets computer instructions.
    • Manages execution units (e.g., ALU) tasks.
    • Advantages: instruction execution efficiency, support for complex instructions, improved parallelism, reduced power consumption, better branch prediction.

    Block Diagram of a Computer

    • Components: input unit, processing unit (CPU), memory unit, output unit, storage unit.

    Key Concepts

    • System Calls: Programs use system calls for OS services.
    • Kernel: Core program managing resources.
    • Generations: Tech advancements shaped computer development.
    • OS characteristics: convenience, efficiency, and continuous growth.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on computer science concepts, focusing on operating systems, computer generations, and the core functions of the control unit and ALU. This quiz includes questions about the evolution of computers and their key characteristics. Perfect for students studying computer science or IT-related fields.

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