Podcast
Questions and Answers
What triggers an interrupt in a computer system?
What triggers an interrupt in a computer system?
What is the role of the interrupt handler in managing interrupts?
What is the role of the interrupt handler in managing interrupts?
Which storage system is capable of holding data permanently?
Which storage system is capable of holding data permanently?
How are storage systems organized in a computer system according to speed and cost?
How are storage systems organized in a computer system according to speed and cost?
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What feature of modern computer architectures helps utilize the CPU efficiently?
What feature of modern computer architectures helps utilize the CPU efficiently?
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Why is main memory crucial for a computer to execute programs effectively?
Why is main memory crucial for a computer to execute programs effectively?
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Which mode is necessary to execute privileged instructions in an operating system?
Which mode is necessary to execute privileged instructions in an operating system?
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What is the fundamental unit of work in an operating system?
What is the fundamental unit of work in an operating system?
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Which aspect of memory management involves keeping track of memory usage?
Which aspect of memory management involves keeping track of memory usage?
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What is responsible for providing file systems and managing space on mass-storage devices in an operating system?
What is responsible for providing file systems and managing space on mass-storage devices in an operating system?
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What concept involves abstracting a computer’s hardware into different execution environments?
What concept involves abstracting a computer’s hardware into different execution environments?
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Which term represents operating systems that are available in source-code format and allow no-cost use, redistribution, and modification?
Which term represents operating systems that are available in source-code format and allow no-cost use, redistribution, and modification?
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Study Notes
Operating System Overview
- An operating system manages computer hardware and provides an environment for application programs to run.
Interrupts
- Interrupts are a key way for hardware to interact with the operating system.
- A hardware device triggers an interrupt by sending a signal to the CPU to alert it to an event requiring attention.
- Interrupts are managed by the interrupt handler.
Memory Management
- Main memory is a volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off or lost.
- Nonvolatile storage is an extension of main memory, capable of holding large quantities of data permanently.
- Examples of nonvolatile storage devices include hard disks, which can store both programs and data.
Storage Systems
- Storage systems can be organized in a hierarchy according to speed and cost.
- The higher levels of the hierarchy are expensive but fast, while the cost per bit decreases and access time increases as you move down the hierarchy.
Computer Architecture
- Modern computer architectures are multiprocessor systems, with each CPU containing several computing cores.
- Multiprogramming allows several jobs to be in memory at the same time, ensuring the CPU always has a job to execute.
- Multitasking is an extension of multiprogramming, where CPU scheduling algorithms rapidly switch between processes, providing users with a fast response time.
Process Management
- A process is the fundamental unit of work in an operating system.
- Process management includes creating and deleting processes, and providing mechanisms for processes to communicate and synchronize with each other.
System Security
- The system hardware has two modes: user mode and kernel mode.
- Various instructions are privileged and can only be executed in kernel mode, such as switching to kernel mode, I/O control, timer management, and interrupt management.
- Operating systems provide mechanisms for protecting and securing the operating system and users.
File Systems
- Operating systems manage storage space by providing file systems for representing files and directories.
- They also manage space on mass-storage devices.
Virtualization and Data Structures
- Virtualization involves abstracting a computer's hardware into several different execution environments.
- Data structures used in an operating system include lists, stacks, queues, trees, and maps.
Computing Environments
- Computing takes place in various environments, including traditional computing, mobile computing, client–server systems, peer-to-peer systems, cloud computing, and real-time embedded systems.
Open-Source Operating Systems
- Free and open-source operating systems are available in source-code format.
- Free software is licensed to allow no-cost use, redistribution, and modification.
- Examples of popular open-source systems include GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris.
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Description
Test your knowledge of how interrupts are used in operating systems to manage hardware interactions. Learn about how interrupt handlers respond to signals from hardware devices and ensure the CPU addresses events that require attention.
