Operating Systems and Computer Hardware Quiz
100 Questions
13 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which component of a computer system provides basic computing resources such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices?

  • Hardware (correct)
  • Operating system
  • Users
  • Application programs

    • What is the main goal of an operating system?

  • To hide the complexity of the system from the user
  • To execute user programs
  • To manage the computer hardware efficiently
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which component of an operating system manages all the resources and decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use?

  • Users
  • Operating system kernel (correct)
  • Application programs
  • Bootstrap program

    • Which component of an operating system controls the execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer?

    <p>Operating system kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a device controller in an operating system?

    <p>To inform the CPU about finished operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interrupt is caused by a hardware device in an operating system?

    <p>Hardware interrupt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an operating system is responsible for initializing all aspects of the system and loading the operating system kernel into memory?

    <p>Bootstrap program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an application program in a computer system?

    <p>To provide a user interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?

    <p>To run all the time when the computer is on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the bootstrap program typically stored in a computer system?

    <p>ROM or EPROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is known for increased throughput, economy of scale, and graceful degradation or fault tolerance?

    <p>Multiprocessor systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of multiprocessor systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Asymmetric Multiprocessing and Symmetric Multiprocessing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Asymmetric Multiprocessing and Symmetric Multiprocessing?

    <p>Asymmetric Multiprocessing assigns each processor a specific task, while Symmetric Multiprocessing has each processor perform all tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a multi-chip and multicore system?

    <p>To increase throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a cluster system?

    <p>Sharing storage via a storage-area network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of clusters?

    <p>High-performance computing (HPC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is growing in use and importance?

    <p>Multiprocessor systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of other process problems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Infinite loop and processes modifying each other or the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using special-purpose processors in a system?

    <p>Increased throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a high-availability service in a system?

    <p>To survive failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is known for sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)?

    <p>Cluster systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mode bit provided by hardware in an operating system?

    <p>To distinguish between user code and kernel code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using special-purpose processors in a system?

    <p>Increased reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of an operating system?

    <p>To manage system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a device controller in an operating system?

    <p>To control the operation of a specific hardware device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Asymmetric Multiprocessing and Symmetric Multiprocessing?

    <p>Type of tasks assigned to each processor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a high-availability service in a system?

    <p>To provide fault tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an operating system controls the execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer?

    <p>Kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a computer system provides basic computing resources such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices?

    <p>Operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of other process problems mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an operating system in a computer system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four components of a computer system?

    <p>Hardware, Operating system, Application programs, Users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a device controller in an operating system?

    <p>To inform the CPU about the completion of device operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?

    <p>To manage all system resources and allocate them efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using special-purpose processors in a system?

    <p>Higher performance and efficient resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a high-availability service in a system?

    <p>To provide fault tolerance and minimize downtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a cluster system?

    <p>Increased system throughput and economy of scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of an operating system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a multi-chip and multicore system?

    <p>To increase system throughput and scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a multi-chip and multicore system?

    <p>Higher performance and efficient resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is known for sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)?

    <p>Cluster system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using special-purpose processors in a system?

    <p>Improved reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of an operating system?

    <p>To manage resources efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?

    <p>To protect itself and other system components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of multiprocessor systems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Asymmetric Multiprocessing and Symmetric Multiprocessing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an operating system controls the execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer?

    <p>Kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a computer system provides basic computing resources such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices?

    <p>Hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is growing in use and importance?

    <p>Multiprocessor system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Asymmetric Multiprocessing and Symmetric Multiprocessing?

    <p>The level of resource sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the bootstrap program typically stored in a computer system?

    <p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bootstrap program in a computer system?

    <p>To initialize all aspects of the system and load the operating system kernel into memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a device controller in an operating system?

    <p>To communicate with device drivers and inform the CPU that it has finished its operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a multi-chip and multicore system in a computer?

    <p>Increased throughput and economy of scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system is known for sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)?

    <p>Distributed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a mode bit provided by hardware in an operating system?

    <p>To differentiate between user mode and kernel mode of operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of an operating system in a computer system?

    <p>To act as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four components of a computer system?

    <p>CPU, memory, I/O devices, operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interrupt is caused by a software error in an operating system?

    <p>Software interrupt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using special-purpose processors in a computer system?

    <p>Simplified hardware design and reduced cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of an operating system in a computer system?

    <p>To hide the complexity of the system and make solving user problems easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT a part of memory management?

    <p>Creating and deleting files and directories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of access control on most systems?

    <p>To determine who can access files and directories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mass-storage management?

    <p>To backup files onto stable storage media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must multitasking environments be careful about in terms of memory usage?

    <p>Using the most recent value in the storage hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cache coherency in a multiprocessor environment?

    <p>Ensuring that all CPUs have the most recent value in their cache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protection in an operating system?

    <p>Controlling access of processes or users to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of security in an operating system?

    <p>Defending the system against internal and external attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of user IDs and group IDs in an operating system?

    <p>To determine access control for files and processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a device controller in an operating system?

    <p>To manage hardware devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an operating system in a computer system?

    <p>To manage and control all resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During execution, the user program must not alter the memory area of other processes and kernel

    <p>Memory protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prevents a job from monopolizing the system

    <p>Timer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can only be executed by the OS

    <p>Privileged instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gives OS more flexibility in controlling user programs

    <p>Interrupts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Main memory is the only large storage media that the CPU can access directly

    <p>Main memory (RAM or memory)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity

    <p>Secondary storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rigid metal or glass platters covered with magnetic recording material

    <p>Hard disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Faster than hard disks, nonvolatile

    <p>Solid-state disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systems containing all chips in a framework containing multiple separate systems

    <p>Multi-chip and multicore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple systems working together, usually sharing storage via a storage-area network

    <p>Clustered Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An operating system acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer ______

    <p>hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main components of a computer are ______, operating system, application programs, and users

    <p>hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the part of the operating system that is running all the time when the computer is on

    <p>kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ program is loaded at power-up or reboot to initialize all aspects of the system

    <p>bootstrap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A computer system can have one or more ______ and device controllers connected through a common bus

    <p>CPUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ unit, ALU, and registers are the components of the CPU that control the operation of the computer

    <p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The operating system is responsible for managing and coordinating the use of ______ among various applications and users

    <p>hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ program is responsible for locating the operating system kernel and loading it into memory to start running

    <p>bootstrap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The device drivers, which are part of the operating system, communicate with the ______ to manage I/O operations

    <p>device controllers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An operating system is interrupt driven, with ______ interrupts caused by devices and software errors

    <p>hardware and software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory is expanded to hold three, four, or more programs and switch among all of them [W. Stallings book]

    <p>MultiprogrammingExample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dual-mode operation allows OS to protect itself and other system components User mode and kernel mode Mode bit provided by hardware Provides ability to distinguish when system is running user code or kernel code Certain areas of memory are protected from user access Some instructions designated as privileged, only executable in kernel mode System call changes mode to kernel, return from call resets it to user

    <p>Operating-System Operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources Timer is set to interrupt the computer after some time period Keep a counter that is decremented by the physical clock. Operating system set the counter (privileged instruction) When counter is zero generate an interrupt Set up before scheduling process to regain control or terminate program that exceeds allotted time

    <p>Transition from User to Kernel Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    OS services include Program execution Process management Memory management Storage management Mass-storage management Access I/O devices Error detection and response Accounting Security

    <p>Operating System Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A process is a program in execution. It is a unit of work within the system. Program is a passive entity, process is an active entity. Process needs resources to accomplish its task CPU, memory, I/O, files, etc. Examples of operating system operations on processes: Creation and termination of both user and system processes Inter-process communication (chapter 3)

    <p>Process Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To execute a program all (or part) of the instructions must be in memory All (or part) of the data that is needed by the program must be in memory. Memory management determines what is in memory and when Memory management activities Keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom Allocating and deallocating memory space as needed

    <p>Memory Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    File-System management Files usually organized into directories Access control on most systems to determine who can access what OS activities include Creating and deleting files and directories Primitives Backup to manipulate files and directories files onto stable (non-volatile) storage media

    <p>Storage Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Usually, disks used to store data that does not fit in main memory or data that must be kept for a “long” period of time OS activities include Free-space management Storage allocation Disk scheduling

    <p>Mass-Storage Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multitasking environments must be careful to use most recent value, no matter where it is stored in the storage hierarchy Multiprocessor environment must provide cache coherency in hardware such that all CPUs have the most recent value in their cache Distributed environment situation even more complex Several copies of a datum can exist

    <p>Migration of data “A” from Disk to Register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protection – any mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS Security – defense of the system against internal and external attacks Huge range, including denial-of-service, worms, viruses, identity theft, theft of service Systems generally first distinguish among users, to determine who can do what User identities (user IDs, security IDs) include name and associated number, one per user User ID then associated with all files, processes of that user to determine access control Group identifier (group ID) allows set of users to be defined and controls managed, then also associated with each process, file

    <p>Protection and Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer System Components

    • A computer system consists of four components: hardware, operating system, application programs, and users
    • Hardware provides basic computing resources: CPU, memory, and I/O devices

    Operating System (OS)

    • The OS acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer
    • The OS manages and coordinates the use of resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices) among various applications and users
    • The OS provides basic services: program execution, process management, memory management, storage management, access to I/O devices, error detection and response, accounting, and security

    Process Management

    • A process is a program in execution, requiring resources (CPU, memory, I/O, files) to accomplish its task
    • OS operations on processes: creation and termination of user and system processes, inter-process communication
    • The OS is responsible for process scheduling, allocation, and deallocation of resources

    Memory Management

    • Memory management determines what is in memory and when
    • Memory management activities: tracking memory usage, allocating and deallocating memory space, preventing infinite loops and process hogging resources
    • Dual-mode operation allows the OS to protect itself and other system components: user mode and kernel mode, mode bit provided by hardware

    File-System Management

    • Files are usually organized into directories, with access control to determine who can access what
    • OS activities: creating and deleting files and directories, primitives for file manipulation, backup to stable storage media

    Storage Management

    • Disks are used to store data that does not fit in main memory or data that must be kept for a "long" period
    • OS activities: free-space management, storage allocation, disk scheduling

    Multiprocessing and Multiprocessor Systems

    • Multiprocessing: expanding main memory to hold three, four, or more programs and switch among all of them
    • Multiprocessor systems: asymmetric multiprocessing (each processor has its own memory) and symmetric multiprocessing (all processors share a common memory)

    High-Availability Systems

    • High-availability systems: systems containing all chips in a framework containing multiple separate systems, sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)
    • Cluster systems: multiple systems working together, usually sharing storage via a SAN

    Cache Coherency

    • Cache coherency: ensuring that all processors in a multiprocessor environment have the most recent value of a datum
    • Cache coherency is crucial in multiprocessor environments to maintain data consistency

    Protection and Security

    • Protection: mechanisms for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS
    • Security: defense of the system against internal and external attacks (denial-of-service, worms, viruses, identity theft, theft of service)
    • User identities (user IDs, security IDs) and group identifiers (group IDs) are used to control access and manage permissions

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 1-Introduction (1).pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of operating systems and computer hardware with this quiz! Learn about the goals and functions of operating systems, including how they hide complexity from users, execute programs, and manage hardware efficiently. Explore the different components of a computer system and enhance your understanding of this vital software.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser