Operating System Concepts Quiz

Operating System Concepts

• A process is an active entity.
• The operating system provides a mechanism for controlling access to system resources by programs or users, known as operating system protection.
• User programs deal with logical addresses, not physical addresses.
• Cloud computing involves providing dynamically scalable and virtualized resources as a network service.
• System calls are triggered by hardware interrupts.
• The bootstrap program is loaded after power-up or reboot.
• The Open(Ni) file operation moves the contents of directory entry Ni in memory to the directory structure on disk.
• Processes can pass data to other processes.
• The kernel is the only program that runs continuously on the computer.
• Virtual memory allows the logical address space to be larger than the physical address space.
• The Process Control Block (PCB) represents each process in the operating system.
• Interrupts transfer control to the interrupt subroutine through the interrupt vector.
• A device queue is a set of processes waiting for an I/O device.
• Ways to optimize scheduling include minimizing turnaround time, average waiting time, and response time.
• Directory operations include reading from a file, searching for a file, deleting a file, and renaming a file.
• Client-server systems are a type of distributed system.
• In memory management, compaction reduces external fragmentation.
• Traps or exceptions occur due to errors like division by zero, invalid memory access, and API calls.
• The types of addressing in a computer system include physical, real, and logical addressing.
• The base register holds the first physical address of the currently running program.
• Deployment models for cloud computing include private, public, community, and hybrid.

Process States

• Processes can be in one of the following states: ready, running, interrupting, and waiting.

File Allocation Methods

• File allocation methods include contiguous allocation, linked allocation, and indexed allocation.

Multitasking Systems

• Multitasking systems include multi-programmed batch systems and time-sharing systems.

Ready Queue

• The ready queue is a set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to execute.

Deadlock Problem

• The deadlock problem occurs when a set of blocked processes each hold a resource and wait to acquire a resource held by another process in the same set.

Short-Term Schedulers

• Short-term schedulers select which job to run next.

CPU-Bound Process

• A CPU-bound process spends most of its time doing I/O requests.

Advantages of Multi-Processing

• The advantages of multi-processing systems include increased throughput, reliability, and the ability for other CPUs to pick up work if a CPU fails.

Scheduling Algorithms

• Scheduling algorithms include First Come First Served, Ideal Job First, Priority, and Round Robin.

Data File Types

• Data file types include numeric, character, and binary files.

Virtual Memory Advantages

• Advantages of virtual memory include the ability to have a logical address space larger than the physical address space, sharing address spaces between processes, more efficient process creation, and faster start-up times for new processes.

File Attributes

• File attributes include type, delete, location, and protection.

Scheduling Algorithms (Numerical Examples)

• Using FCFS scheduling, the average waiting time is 43/4.
• Using a non-preemptive Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling algorithm, process P3 starts at time unit 7.0.

Test your knowledge on key operating system concepts such as processes, system calls, virtual memory, and operating system protection. This quiz covers essential topics that form the backbone of computer science and cloud computing. Explore how user programs interact with the operating system and the various mechanisms involved.