Procedure 15-01 Ontario Use of Force Model

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Toronto Police Service members when encountering potentially violent situations?

To escalate situations to ensure compliance.

To prioritize property protection over human life.

To use only the force that is reasonably necessary. (correct)

To use the maximum force necessary to control the situation.

Which of the following describes the purpose of the Ontario Use of Force Model?

To provide a framework for continuous assessment of force options. (correct)

To establish mandatory escalation tactics in response to threats.

To justify a member's use of force in all situations.

To dictate specific response options for every incident.

What should officers continuously consider during incidents involving the use of force?

The legal implications of force after the incident.

The necessity to apply maximum force without exceptions.

The immediate use of advanced weaponry.

De-escalation tactics and communication methods. (correct)

How is de-escalation defined in the context of police interactions?

Verbal and non-verbal strategies intended to lower conflict intensity. Signup and view all the answers

Who ultimately decides the amount of force required in a given situation according to the guidelines?

The member involved in the specific event. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first required notification when a firearm is discharged?

Supervisory Officer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an authorized use of force option for police officers?

Ice pick Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance can police officers discharge a firearm at the operator of a motor vehicle?

When facing an immediate threat of death or grievous bodily harm Signup and view all the answers

Which principle constrains the use of force by members authorized to use it?

Proportionality Signup and view all the answers

What type of training is mandatory for police officers authorized to use force?

Use of Force Training Signup and view all the answers

When is a member allowed to use techniques outside of prescribed training?

When no other reasonable alternatives exist Signup and view all the answers

What qualifies as a weapon of opportunity in police work?

Any reasonable item used defensively when no approved options are available Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Firearm Discharge Investigator (FDI) in scenarios involving firearm discharges?

To investigate the circumstance of the discharge Signup and view all the answers

In what instance can force be used against a fleeing suspect?

If the peace officer believes it is necessary to prevent grievous harm Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence for using unjustified or excessive force according to the Criminal Code?

Both criminal and civil liability Signup and view all the answers

Why must officers avoid discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle to disable it?

It is an ineffective method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of handcuffs and other authorized restraining devices?

To control violent activities of a person in custody Signup and view all the answers

When is it permissible for police officers to use their baton or OC spray?

For any lawful and justifiable purpose Signup and view all the answers

Which element must be considered when determining if the use of force was justified?

The officer's subjective belief about the danger Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason an officer is prohibited from using force that may cause death or grievous bodily harm?

To protect themselves or others from serious harm Signup and view all the answers

Which action constitutes a failure to comply with the duty to report misconduct?

Not reporting observed misconduct to a supervisor Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance is a Use of Force Report NOT required?

When a firearm is merely displayed during training Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the documentation of a misconduct incident?

Details like dates, times, and other witnesses present Signup and view all the answers

Which item is considered a weapon for the purpose of Use of Force reporting?

Police dogs and horses Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of collecting race and identity-based data according to the regulations?

To ensure transparency in police practices Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of failing to report misconduct in law enforcement?

It may be classified as misconduct subject to discipline Signup and view all the answers

When submitting a Use of Force Report, what should an officer consider?

Only the subjects they have directly engaged with Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would require a Use of Force Report?

Using physical force resulting in an injury needing medical attention Signup and view all the answers

What is required of team reports in cases where force is displayed?

Officers must submit a Team Report UFR Form 1 for displayed force Signup and view all the answers

What type of actions are categorized as misconduct under the regulations?

Actions such as excessive use of force or physical abuse Signup and view all the answers

Who is ultimately responsible for submitting the Use of Force Report?

The officer who used the force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the objective of a Use of Force Report?

To identify training and governance needs within the Service Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'PSA' refer to in the context of misconduct reporting?

Police Service Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action that should be taken in critical situations, when tactically appropriate?

Avoid confrontation by disengaging to a place of safety Signup and view all the answers

When should a Use of Force Report be submitted to a supervisor?

When there is use of physical force on another person that results in an injury requiring medical attention Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after discharging a firearm at unauthorized times?

Notify the supervisory officer and the Officer in Charge of the division Signup and view all the answers

What is required after a CEW has been used as a Demonstrated Force Presence?

Comply with Procedure 15–09 Signup and view all the answers

What shall be completed when reportable force is used?

Use of Force Report, TPS 105, and TPS 584 as applicable Signup and view all the answers

Who must be notified if a probationary constable is involved in a Use of Force incident?

The supervising officer along with a review of the incident Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured by a supervisory officer upon receipt of a Use of Force Report?

The report is accurate and completed correctly Signup and view all the answers

What actions should a supervisory officer take when notified of a firearm discharge incident?

Ensure the scene and evidence are protected and collected Signup and view all the answers

What type of report should be completed when an injury to a subject has occurred from applied force?

TPS 105 Signup and view all the answers

Upon identifying critical incident stress after a Use of Force Report, what should be done?

Comply with Procedure 08–04 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Officer in Charge when a firearm discharge occurs, in relation to evidence?

To ensure evidence is not contaminated and is properly collected Signup and view all the answers

What should the Unit Commander be informed about regarding training recommendations?

Specific training, equipment, or policy issues on a TPS 649 Signup and view all the answers

What should members do to ensure controlled responses in decision making during a Use of Force incident?

Consider principles of fair and impartial policing Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time frame within which the Use of Force Report and all applicable forms must be forwarded to the Training Analyst?

72 hours Signup and view all the answers

What must an Officer in Charge do upon being notified of a firearm discharge, regardless of resulting injury or death?

Notify the Unit Commander Signup and view all the answers

Which documents must be completed and forwarded in conjunction with the Use of Force Report?

TPS 105, TPS 584, TPS 586 Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for taking charge of the investigation after a firearm discharge incident?

Firearm Discharge Investigator Signup and view all the answers

What must be included in the Unit Commander’s Morning Report (UCMR) after a firearm discharge?

A detailed description of the event Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Incident Review Committee (IRC)?

Reviewing exempted area incidents Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a training issue is identified during the review of a Use of Force report?

Provide additional training recommendations in writing Signup and view all the answers

Upon receiving a Use of Force report, who must be informed of any misconduct or training issues?

The Unit Commander Signup and view all the answers

Which type of firearm is primarily designed to be fired using one hand?

Handgun Signup and view all the answers

What action is required upon the occurrence of critical incident stress after a Use of Force report is received?

Follow the compliance procedures specified in 08–04 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of firearm under the definition provided?

Firearm discharge reports Signup and view all the answers

How should the completed Use of Force Report be submitted after review?

Electronically to the Training Analyst Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the discharge of a firearm to end the life of a potentially dangerous animal?

Dispatching of an Animal Signup and view all the answers

What must occur before the Use of Force Report can be used in promotion considerations?

The reporting officer must consent to its use. Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for directing requests related to the Municipal Freedom of Information & Protection of Privacy Act?

The Coordinator – Records Management Services Signup and view all the answers

What training requirement applies to police members who may be required to use force?

They must complete a training course at least once every twelve months. Signup and view all the answers

Which options are acceptable for Special Constables and Auxiliary Members to use?

Baton, pepper gel, handcuffs, soft leg restraints Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition under which police officers may draw or discharge a firearm?

When protecting against loss of life or serious bodily harm. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a firearm discharge, who is the primary investigator?

The Firearm Discharge Investigator Signup and view all the answers

What must members consider continuously when using force?

De-escalation and communication methods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is permitted regarding the use of a service-issued baton?

Use it only if no other options are available Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is prohibited regarding firearm discharge?

Discharging at the operator of a motor vehicle without a threat Signup and view all the answers

What is required after officers use OC aerosol spray?

Decontaminate sprayed individuals at the earliest opportunity Signup and view all the answers

What should happen when a Service firearm is discharged?

The Senior Duty Officer must be notified forthwith Signup and view all the answers

Which devices are NOT allowed for Special Constables and Auxiliary Members?

Firearms Signup and view all the answers

Who makes the final determination on individual training for members?

Unit Commander – Toronto Police College Signup and view all the answers

What primary responsibility does a Unit Commander have when a training issue is identified?

To submit a TPS 649 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rationale and Philosophy of Use of Force

Protection of life is prioritized over property by the Toronto Police Service.
Force must be reasonably necessary to manage incidents effectively and safely.
The Ontario Use of Force Model aids in critical assessment of situations and offers a framework for understanding use of force incidents.
The decision to use force lies with the involved officer, influenced by training and legal standards.
De-escalation and communication are essential tactics to minimize force application.

Supervisory Responsibilities

Mandatory notification and attendance of a Supervisory Officer when firearms are discharged or electric weapons are utilized.
Immediate notification of the Officer in Charge must occur following a firearm discharge.
Firearm Discharge Investigator must be notified for firearm discharge incidents.

Legal Framework

Under the Criminal Code, individuals can use force when executing law enforcement duties, but are liable for excessive or unjustified force.
Officers must have completed required training courses on the use of force per Ontario Regulation 926/90.

Approved and Intermediate Force Options

Officers are equipped with firearms, OC spray, and batons; alternative weapons require Solicitor General approval.
Intermediate force options include batons and CEWs for situations like personal safety and controlling violent situations.
Weapons of opportunity may be utilized when approved options are unavailable.

Use of Restraining Devices

Restraining devices, authorized by the Chief of Police, are permitted for controlling violent individuals and during prisoner transfers.

Fleeing Suspects

Police may use necessary force, potentially lethal, against fleeing suspects under specific legal conditions.

Firearm Discharge Policy

Officers are prohibited from firing at vehicles to disable them or at unthreatened occupants unless facing immediate danger.

Principles Governing Use of Force

Use of force is constrained by proportionality, necessity, and reasonableness; excessive force can lead to criminal charges.
Officers must assess subjective belief of danger against objective reasonableness of force applied.

Duty to Report and Intervene

Officers must report and intervene in misconduct of fellow members to uphold community trust and service integrity.

Use of Force Reporting

Use of Force Reports are required for various scenarios, including physical force resulting in injury or firearm discharge.
Each officer only references subjects they directly engaged with during incidents in their reports.

Race and Identity-Based Data Collection

Reports must include officers' perceived race of individuals involved per Ontario Regulation 267/18, promoting transparency in policing.

Special Constables and Auxiliary Members

Non-firearm issued members have access to specific tools like batons and pepper gel; they adhere to the same use of force procedures as regular officers.

Additional Investigative Requirements

Discharged firearms trigger administrative investigations, with specific roles assigned for oversight and report generation.

Training Compliance

Members must complete use of force training every 12 months, including de-escalation techniques, and strictly adhere to prescribed force options.

Restrictions on Firearm Usage

Officers must have reasonable grounds to draw or discharge firearms; warning shots and negligent discharges are prohibited.

Additional Guidelines for Critical Situations

Officers are advised to disengage from confrontation when safe, contain scenes, and call for supervisory support and medical assistance when necessary.### Use of Force Procedures
Compliance with Procedure 10–06 is mandatory when injury results from the use of force.
Ensure medical attention for injured persons and make reasonable efforts to alleviate their discomfort.
Notify the communications operator for the presence of a supervisory officer and paramedics if necessary.

Reporting Requirements

A Use of Force Report must be submitted before the end of the duty tour if:
- Physical force causes injury requiring medical attention.
- A handgun is drawn in public view.
- A firearm is discharged or pointed.
- A weapon other than a firearm is used on another person.
- A Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW) is used in various modes or discharges unintentionally.

CEW Guidelines

Compliance with Procedure 15–09 is required when using CEW in any method mentioned.

Firearm Discharge Protocol

Report any firearm discharge not at an authorized range immediately to a supervisory officer and the division Officer in Charge.
Firearm discharge includes both intentional and unintentional actions regardless of injury caused but excludes authorized range activities.

Post-Event Reporting

Complete and submit the following reports after the event:
- Use of Force Report for reportable force incidents.
- TPS 105 for injuries from applied force.
- TPS 584 for CEW incidents.
Reports must be electronically submitted before ending the duty tour.

Training and Reviews

Attend additional force training if recommended by the Unit Commander.
Conduct reviews on the usage of force, Body Worn Camera, and in-car footage when involving probationary constables.

Investigation Responsibilities

Upon firearm discharge notification, a supervisory officer must ensure the scene is secured and evidence collected, while keeping the Officer in Charge updated.
Upon receipt of a Use of Force Report, the investigating supervisor must review the incident for appropriateness of force used and ensure the report's accuracy.

Documentation and Submission

All relevant reports, including TPS 105, TPS 584, and TPS 586, must be completed and submitted within specified timeframes.
Recommendations for further training or action must be documented and sent to appropriate personnel.

Definitions and Roles

Authorized Range refers to shooting ranges operated by police services or approved private entities.
Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW) is a device that conducts energy via propelled wires affecting motor functions.
Firearm Discharge Investigator (FDI) is an appointed individual responsible for investigating firearm discharge incidents within the service.

Incident Review Committee (IRC)

The IRC reviews use of force incidents, assesses training effectiveness, and reports findings to senior management.
Committee includes various unit commanders and representatives from diverse sections related to governance and public safety.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Ontario Use of Force Model as it pertains to the Toronto Police Service. This quiz covers the principles of protecting life and the judicious use of force. Understand the responsibilities of police members in maintaining safety and human life.