Oncology Part 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of myeloablative chemotherapy before a bone marrow transplant?

  • To manage mild infections
  • To provide nutrients to the bone marrow
  • To completely eliminate the bone marrow and cancer cells (correct)
  • To improve organ function in older patients

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of an allogenic bone marrow transplant?

  • Stem cells are harvested from the patient’s own body
  • Stem cells are sourced from a matched external donor (correct)
  • It requires less rigorous chemotherapy beforehand
  • Stem cells are taken from an identical twin

    • Which dietary guideline should a patient undergoing chemotherapy follow?

  • Consume raw fruits and vegetables for vitamins
  • Drink unpasteurized milk for calcium intake
  • Avoid listeria found in deli meats (correct)
  • Eat undercooked meats for better flavor

    • What are typical symptoms a patient may experience within the first week after chemotherapy?

    <p>Fatigue and shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patients are most likely to undergo non-myeloablative chemotherapy?

    <p>Older patients or those with decreased organ function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of SIADH in cancer patients?

    <p>Tumor-induced release of ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate fluid restriction for a patient with SIADH?

    <p>500-1000 ml per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) threshold that indicates a severe risk for infection?

    <p>Less than 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is essential for a patient experiencing neutropenia?

    <p>Implement neutropenic precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the positive effect that donor cells have on malignant cells after a transplant?

    <p>Graft vs Tumor effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a severe complication that can arise from graft vs host disease?

    <p>Jaundice and elevated liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern during the occurrence of tumor lysis syndrome?

    <p>Hyperkalemia and cardiac issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment during engraftment syndrome?

    <p>Blood products or corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may indicate that chemotherapy is successfully destroying cancer cells?

    <p>Tumor lysis syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Nucogen subcutaneously administered?

    <p>Stimulates bone marrow to produce WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with the use of Epogen?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interleukin, also known as Numega, is primarily used for which condition?

    <p>Low platelet counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may arise from certain chemotherapy agents that necessitates monitoring BUN and creatinine levels?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice when preparing for chemotherapy administration?

    <p>Disposing into regular waste containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action in the event of a chemotherapy spill?

    <p>Cover the spill with a chemo spill kit and notify housekeeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What monitoring should be performed before administering chemotherapy?

    <p>Educating about normal and abnormal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is most associated with Interleukin treatment?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for dry mouth that can alter appetite and nutrition due to radiation effects?

    <p>Xerostomia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To systematically reduce tumor size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with chemotherapy?

    <p>Anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient undergoing chemotherapy has a low white blood cell count?

    <p>Hold the chemotherapy treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of desquamation indicates the presence of an ulcer or wound on the skin?

    <p>Erythema wet desquamation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is myelosuppression and what does it affect?

    <p>It results in decreased blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly seen after chemotherapy administration?

    <p>Rapid weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if extravasation of a vesicant occurs during chemotherapy administration?

    <p>Stop the infusion immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering filgrastim after chemotherapy?

    <p>To stimulate white blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are chemotherapy dosages typically determined?

    <p>Based on body weight and previous treatment responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution is recommended during chemotherapy treatment concerning bodily fluids?

    <p>Double gloving and flushing twice of bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect should patients undergoing chemotherapy be warned about in terms of cognitive function?

    <p>Decreased cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of cryotherapy in relation to chemotherapy?

    <p>To minimize hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in fatigue during radiation treatments imply?

    <p>Increased energy required to repair damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT indicative of potential cancer?

    <p>A persistent mild headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of cancer management?

    <p>Complete eradication of the malignancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery involves the removal of at-risk tissue?

    <p>Prophylactic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palliative care in cancer treatment?

    <p>To relieve symptoms and complications associated with cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment modality is NOT commonly used in combination with others for effective cancer treatment?

    <p>Homeopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes myeloablative chemotherapy?

    <p>It is a high dose chemotherapy with total body radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when a patient undergoes a non-myeloablative transplant?

    <p>Inability to tolerate high-dose chemotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transplant uses the patient's own stem cells?

    <p>Autologous transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of engraftment after a bone marrow transplant?

    <p>To allow the new bone marrow to start producing blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food item is considered safe for a neutropenic diet?

    <p>Pasteurized milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the graft vs tumor effect in transplantation?

    <p>Donor cells help to eliminate malignant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with graft vs host disease?

    <p>Skin rash and mucosal inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of tumor lysis syndrome?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalances such as hyperkalemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for engraftment syndrome?

    <p>Blood products and corticosteroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are expected during a transfusion reaction?

    <p>Fever, chills, and chest pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Nucogen?

    <p>Stimulates bone marrow to produce white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is associated with the use of Epogen?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interleukin, also called Numega, is primarily indicated for what condition?

    <p>Low platelet counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise due to certain chemotherapy agents, requiring monitoring of BUN and creatinine?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precaution is essential when preparing chemotherapy solutions?

    <p>Wearing PPE and double gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a chemotherapy spill, what is the first recommended action?

    <p>Cover the spill with a chemo spill kit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients undergoing chemotherapy be educated about regarding abnormal symptoms?

    <p>Notify the doctor about any significant changes after treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Interleukin treatment?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with acute kidney injury caused by uric acid deposition?

    <p>Flank pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to decrease uric acid levels in patients experiencing acute kidney injury?

    <p>Alopurinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in patients with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome?

    <p>Inability to breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment may be required for patients experiencing spinal cord compression due to a tumor?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of hypercalcemia related to cancer invading the bone?

    <p>Weakness and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential treatment approach for superior vena cava syndrome caused by a tumor?

    <p>Radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary component may be beneficial to alkalinize urine in cases of uric acid-related acute kidney injury?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is important in managing acute kidney injury associated with elevated potassium levels?

    <p>Administering insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with hyponatremia caused by SIADH?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restricting fluids for a patient with SIADH?

    <p>To prevent water intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical nursing intervention for a cancer patient with a low absolute neutrophil count?

    <p>Monitor for signs of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a nurse respond to a cancer patient experiencing emotional distress related to their illness?

    <p>Discuss fears and expectations with the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended dietary consideration for a patient on neutropenic precautions?

    <p>Utilizing a high-protein diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with mucositis caused by radiation treatment?

    <p>Pain and sores in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of chemotherapy related to blood production?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication of wet desquamation?

    <p>Presence of an ulcer or wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with both chemotherapy and radiation treatment?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential step before administering chemotherapy?

    <p>Checking for signs of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cryotherapy assist patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>It helps manage hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected timing for blood counts to be at their lowest after chemotherapy?

    <p>7-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for patients experiencing neutropenia due to chemotherapy?

    <p>Higher risk for infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a long-term effect of radiation treatment on tissue?

    <p>Formation of scar tissue leading to fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a precaution that must be taken during chemotherapy treatment?

    <p>Flushing bodily fluids twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To control and shrink tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes cytopenia as a side effect of radiation?

    <p>Decrease in platelets due to radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chemotherapy treatment cycles, what factor is crucial for determining dosage?

    <p>The previous response and body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of chemotherapy on cognitive function?

    <p>Decrease in cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of palliative care in cancer treatment?

    <p>It seeks to relieve symptoms and complications associated with the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym CAUTION stand for in relation to cancer warning signs?

    <p>Change in bowel patterns, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding, nagging cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgical procedure involves the removal of tissue that is considered at-risk for developing cancer?

    <p>Prophylactic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is cytoreductive surgery typically performed?

    <p>At the end stage of cancer to decrease tumor size when complete removal isn’t possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of tumor lysis syndrome during chemotherapy?

    <p>Rapid destruction of malignant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the symptoms associated with graft vs host disease?

    <p>Skin rash, mucosal inflammation, and jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes engraftment syndrome?

    <p>A reaction involving noninfectious fevers and skin rashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential effects of tumor lysis syndrome if not adequately managed?

    <p>Hyperkalemia and cardiac issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common immediate reaction a patient may experience during a bone marrow transplant?

    <p>Chills, fever, and shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of performing a myeloablative chemotherapy prior to a bone marrow transplant?

    <p>It completely eliminates the existing cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a bone marrow transplant, what is meant by 'engraftment'?

    <p>The phase where the new bone marrow begins functioning effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary guideline is crucial for patients following a neutropenic diet?

    <p>Avoiding all raw fruits and vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an allogenic transplant from an autologous transplant?

    <p>An autologous transplant uses stem cells from the patient's own body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemotherapy is typically used for older patients or those with decreased organ function prior to a bone marrow transplant?

    <p>Non-myeloablative chemotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?

    <p>To improve quality of life and provide symptom relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation therapy uses a high dose over a short period?

    <p>SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a dosimeter in radiation therapy settings?

    <p>To measure exposure to radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may arise from radiation therapy that affects the superior vena cava?

    <p>Superior vena cava syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect commonly results from radiation therapy directly targeting the skin?

    <p>Skin dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the use of proton therapy?

    <p>It delivers radiation in a more linear fashion than other therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the concept of neoadjuvant therapy?

    <p>Therapy given prior to the main treatment to reduce tumor size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution is essential when caring for patients receiving temporary radiation therapy?

    <p>Limited visitors to those over 30 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is commonly associated with side effects of radiation therapy?

    <p>Altered taste sensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle to follow when working in a radiation therapy environment?

    <p>Implement time, distance, and shielding protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment to manage elevated uric acid levels in patients with acute kidney injury caused by uric acid deposits?

    <p>Aggressive IV fluid administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)?

    <p>Facial edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is typically prioritized to manage respiratory concerns in a patient with SVCS?

    <p>Increase the head of the bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication approach is indicated for managing hypercalcemia in cancer patients?

    <p>Using corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of spinal cord compression due to a tumor?

    <p>Loss of bladder control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with acute kidney injury due to uric acid deposits?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern when treating patients with both cancer and potential complications from complementary medicine?

    <p>Drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a tumor obstructing blood flow through the superior vena cava?

    <p>Superior vena cava syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of hyponatremia due to SIADH?

    <p>Personality changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid intake recommendation is appropriate for a patient with SIADH?

    <p>500-1000 ml a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is crucial for a patient at risk for infection due to low WBC counts?

    <p>Strict hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern for patients experiencing hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase typically shows the lowest white blood cell counts post-chemotherapy?

    <p>Nadir phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of hospice care?

    <p>Patients are expected to have six months or less to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate a patient is nearing the end of life?

    <p>Drowsiness and fewer interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common response when a patient's respiration is affected during end-of-life care?

    <p>Prioritize pain management over respiratory concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of a 'death rattle' indicate in a patient?

    <p>Accumulation of secretions in the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering spiritual care for hospice patients, which approach is most beneficial?

    <p>Engage in therapeutic communication and listen to patient concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs might suggest a patient is approaching imminent death?

    <p>Mottled skin and decreased circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of care allows patients to receive treatment aimed at improving quality of life without being terminally ill?

    <p>Palliative care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pain management in hospice care?

    <p>To ensure maximum comfort and ease discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken during chemotherapy regarding bodily fluids?

    <p>All bodily fluids should be handled as hazardous waste for 48 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary effect does chemotherapy have on rapidly dividing cells?

    <p>It targets these cells leading to their destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of extravasation during chemotherapy administration?

    <p>Necrosis and sloughing of surrounding tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients undergoing chemotherapy be informed about regarding nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Vomiting can be severe and premedication is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered when determining chemotherapy dosage?

    <p>Presence of allergies to any medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for administering filgrastim after chemotherapy?

    <p>To enhance the immune response by increasing white blood cell counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of chemotherapy related to cognitive function?

    <p>Decreased cognitive function and confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an action to take if a patient develops a hypersensitivity reaction during chemotherapy?

    <p>Administer an antidote immediately and stop the infusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates that blood cell production may be taking over from the marrow?

    <p>Extra medullary hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances is hospice care typically recommended?

    <p>For terminally ill patients with a life expectancy of six months or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of Kubler-Ross's stages of dying?

    <p>Any order; there is no fixed sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of palliative care?

    <p>Provide comfort and pain control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common sign of impending death?

    <p>Increased urinary output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a crucial aspect of advanced directives?

    <p>Establishing a healthcare proxy when unable to make decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the reticuloendothelial system primarily consist of?

    <p>Specialized macrophages and monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is typically observed during the dying process?

    <p>Chans stokes breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is essential in providing end-of-life care?”,

    <p>Prioritize the quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical factors may arise due to chemotherapy worsening the condition?

    <p>Erythropoietin, G-CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oncology Part 2

    • Early Cancer Detection (Caution): Look for changes in bladder/bowel patterns, sores that don't heal (mouth), unusual bleeding/discharge, lumps, indigestion, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, or changes in warts/moles.

    • Cancer Symptoms (U): Unusual bleeding/discharge (from bladder/orphus), thickening, lumps, indigestion, trouble swallowing, cough, hoarseness.

    • Cancer Management: Treatment aims for complete eradication (cure), prolonged survival, and cancer cell growth containment.

    • Palliative Care: Relief of symptoms and complications stemming from the disease.

    • Treatment Modalities: Usually a combination of treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

    • Surgeries:

      • Prophylactic: Removal of at-risk tissue (e.g., breast, uterus, or fallopian tubes, if BRCA gene is a risk).
      • Diagnostic: Removing a suspicious part or all of a suspicious tissue sample (i.e., incisional, excisional, needle aspiration biopsy (ultrasound or CT-guided)).
      • Curative: Removal of all cancerous tissue; done at early stages.
      • Cytoreductive/Debulking: Removal of the maximum amount of tumor at end-stage cancer (stage 4).
      • Palliative: Improves quality of life by relieving symptoms, even if a full cure isn't possible.

    Metabolic Panel and Cytology

    • Cytology: Examination of cells in bodily fluids to look for cancer.

    • Metabolic Panels: Blood tests to assess a patient’s overall metabolic health.

    Radiation Therapy

    • Types of Radiation:

      • Electromagnetic: A form of ionizing radiation.
      • Particulate: Another form of ionizing radiation.

    • Complications: SVC syndrome (superior vena cava syndrome) may be treated with radiation to reduce tumor size.

    • EBRT (External Beam Radiation Therapy): Uses an external source of radiation to target the tumor. Low dose over a longer period of time.

    • SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy): A higher dose of radiation delivered over a shorter period.

    • Proton Therapy: A precise form of radiation targeting the tumor.

    Electrolyte Management

    • Time-Distance-Shielding: Protective measures to minimize radiation exposure.

    Treatment Options

    • Radiation: Destroys cancer cells with minimal effect on surrounding tissue.
    • Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS): A complication of chemotherapy or radiation where cancer cells die quickly, releasing harmful substances.

    Other Treatment Methods

    • Temporary Intraluminal: Insertion of catheters to deliver radioactive materials.
    • Surgical Procedures (Intracavity): Surgical procedures in cavities (vaginal).
    • Dosimeter Use: Measuring radiation exposure.
    • Seed Therapy: Implants radioactive seeds into or near tumors.

    Other Considerations

    • Side effects: Skin changes, incontinence (if prostate is targeted) impaired taste, or mouth sores (mucositis) in radiation area.

    • Chemotherapy: Aims at killing cancer cells through drug therapy, by regiment and cyclical dosing.

    • Toxicities: Blood count (all counts) lower at 7-14 days after chemo.

    • Important Considerations: Blood tests, including CBCs (which consider WBC, RBC, and platelets).

    • Protocol Followup: Different protocols are followed depending on the type of chemo and where it is administered (implantable, intravenous, etc).

    • Patient Safety Considerations: Precautions during radiation therapy, like safe handling, avoiding rectal procedures, and avoiding certain foods.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on early cancer detection, symptoms, management strategies, and treatment modalities explored in this quiz on oncology. Dive into specific surgical options and understand the goals of palliative care. Enhance your understanding of how various treatments work together in cancer care.

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