Exfoliative Cytology and Cancer Detection Quiz lecture 6
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Questions and Answers

What is the aim of the NHS Cervical Screening Programme?

  • To reduce the number of women who die from cervical cancer
  • To increase the number of women who die from cervical cancer
  • To increase the number of women who develop cervical cancer
  • To reduce the number of women who develop cervical cancer (correct)

    • What is the purpose of exfoliative cytology in cancer detection?

  • To detect cervical cancer through cervical smears (correct)
  • To detect colon cancer through stool samples
  • To detect breast cancer through skin scrapings
  • To detect lung cancer through sputum samples

    • Which method is used for slide preparation in cervical cytology?

  • Blood sampling
  • Urine sampling
  • Tissue biopsy
  • Brush sampling (CervexTM) (correct)

    • What is the role of Georgios Papanicolaou in cervical cytology?

    <p>Developed the Pap smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the National Screening Programme with regard to cervical cancer?

    <p>To reduce the number of women who develop cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected change in the incidence rates for cervical cancer in the UK between 2014 and 2035?

    <p>43% increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for cervical screening for women aged 25 to 49?

    <p>Every three years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection is a major risk factor for developing cervical cancer?

    <p>Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16,18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Cervical cancer?

    <p>Use of condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cancer cases in women who attend regularly can be prevented by cervical screening?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the Hospital Based Programme Coordinator in the cervical screening programme?

    <p>Communicating between stakeholders in the programme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for reporting abnormal cases and leading the service in the cervical screening programme?

    <p>Pathologists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term given to the process undertaken by each lab to ensure that patients are not lost to follow up following an abnormal smear?

    <p>'Failsafe'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of Cytology MLA staff in the cervical screening programme?

    <p>Data entry and other clerical duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Biomedical Scientists in the cervical screening programme?

    <p>'Checking, supervision, management'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England?

    <p>Genital warts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer?

    <p>HRHPV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What screening method provides the best possible protection against cervical cancer for women?

    <p>Co-testing with PAP + HPV molecular test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the first line of testing in the NHS cervical screening programme?

    <p>HPV primary screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of 99% of all cervical cancers?

    <p>HRHPV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change has been implemented in the UK regarding the NHS cervical screening programme?

    <p>Implementing high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing as the programme’s primary screening test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of liquid-based cytology (LBC)?

    <p>To prepare cervical smear preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HPV genotypes are mainly classified as high-risk (HR-HPV)?

    <p>Genotypes 16 &amp; 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a Pap test show in case of Low Grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (LGSIL)?

    <p>Low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can HPV infections affect the human body?

    <p>Cervix, anus, mouth, and throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical appearance of a PAP stain on a cervical smear preparation?

    <p>Many basal (blue) cells, few mature (pink) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of detecting Candida organisms on a pap test?

    <p>To indicate the presence of a fungal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female reproductive system is narrower than the infundibulum and is where fertilisation usually takes place?

    <p>Fallopian Tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the uterus does the epithelial lining consist of shorter pseudostratified ciliated cells interspersed with secretory cells?

    <p>Proliferative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in the uterine endometrium during the secretory phase?

    <p>Gland formation in the stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cervix varies widely with age, hormonal state, and parity?

    <p>Size and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in gynae cytology?

    <p>Enhancing cell preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what part of the Fallopian tube do the cilia beat in synchronized waves to create a current that sweeps the ovum into the next part?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transformation of one type of differentiated tissue into another type of fully differentiated tissue called?

    <p>Metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group is the new squamocolumnar junction not visible and recedes into the endocervix?

    <p>Postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of origin for over 90% of precancerous lesions and cancers?

    <p>Transformation zone (TZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most crucial factor influencing the location of squamocolumnar junction on the cervix?

    <p>Hormonal status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neoplasms subclassified as, based on their behavior?

    <p>Benign and malignant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dysplasia mainly involve?

    <p>Pleomorphism of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth does benign neoplasia exhibit?

    <p>Expansive and circumscribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area between the original squamocolumnar junction and the new squamocolumnar junction called?

    <p>Transformation zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term given to a 'growth' or 'enlargement' which may not be neoplastic?

    <p>Tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the progeny of embryonic cells with different susceptibilities to infection by HPV involved in?

    <p>Malignant transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of growth exhibited by malignant neoplasms?

    <p>Infiltrative and expansive growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the area between the original squamocolumnar junction and the new squamocolumnar junction?

    <p>Squamocolumnar transition zone (STZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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