45 Questions
What is the aim of the NHS Cervical Screening Programme?
To reduce the number of women who develop cervical cancer
What is the purpose of exfoliative cytology in cancer detection?
To detect cervical cancer through cervical smears
Which method is used for slide preparation in cervical cytology?
Brush sampling (CervexTM)
What is the role of Georgios Papanicolaou in cervical cytology?
Developed the Pap smear
What is the aim of the National Screening Programme with regard to cervical cancer?
To reduce the number of women who develop cervical cancer
What is the projected change in the incidence rates for cervical cancer in the UK between 2014 and 2035?
43% increase
What is the recommended frequency for cervical screening for women aged 25 to 49?
Every three years
Which infection is a major risk factor for developing cervical cancer?
Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16,18
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Cervical cancer?
Use of condoms
What percentage of cancer cases in women who attend regularly can be prevented by cervical screening?
75%
What is the responsibility of the Hospital Based Programme Coordinator in the cervical screening programme?
Communicating between stakeholders in the programme
Who is responsible for reporting abnormal cases and leading the service in the cervical screening programme?
Pathologists
What is the term given to the process undertaken by each lab to ensure that patients are not lost to follow up following an abnormal smear?
'Failsafe'
What is the main responsibility of Cytology MLA staff in the cervical screening programme?
Data entry and other clerical duties
What is the role of Biomedical Scientists in the cervical screening programme?
'Checking, supervision, management'
What is the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England?
Genital warts
Which type of HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer?
HRHPV
What screening method provides the best possible protection against cervical cancer for women?
Co-testing with PAP + HPV molecular test
What will be the first line of testing in the NHS cervical screening programme?
HPV primary screen
What is the cause of 99% of all cervical cancers?
HRHPV infection
What change has been implemented in the UK regarding the NHS cervical screening programme?
Implementing high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing as the programme’s primary screening test
What is the main purpose of liquid-based cytology (LBC)?
To prepare cervical smear preparations
Which HPV genotypes are mainly classified as high-risk (HR-HPV)?
Genotypes 16 & 18
What can a Pap test show in case of Low Grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (LGSIL)?
Low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)
Where can HPV infections affect the human body?
Cervix, anus, mouth, and throat
What is the typical appearance of a PAP stain on a cervical smear preparation?
Many basal (blue) cells, few mature (pink) cells
What is the purpose of detecting Candida organisms on a pap test?
To indicate the presence of a fungal infection
Which part of the female reproductive system is narrower than the infundibulum and is where fertilisation usually takes place?
Fallopian Tube
During which phase of the uterus does the epithelial lining consist of shorter pseudostratified ciliated cells interspersed with secretory cells?
Proliferative phase
What change occurs in the uterine endometrium during the secretory phase?
Gland formation in the stroma
Which component of the cervix varies widely with age, hormonal state, and parity?
Size and shape
What is the primary function of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in gynae cytology?
Enhancing cell preservation
In what part of the Fallopian tube do the cilia beat in synchronized waves to create a current that sweeps the ovum into the next part?
Ampulla
What is the transformation of one type of differentiated tissue into another type of fully differentiated tissue called?
Metaplasia
In which age group is the new squamocolumnar junction not visible and recedes into the endocervix?
Postmenopausal women
What is the site of origin for over 90% of precancerous lesions and cancers?
Transformation zone (TZ)
What is the most crucial factor influencing the location of squamocolumnar junction on the cervix?
Hormonal status
What are neoplasms subclassified as, based on their behavior?
Benign and malignant
What does dysplasia mainly involve?
Pleomorphism of cells
What type of growth does benign neoplasia exhibit?
Expansive and circumscribed
What is the area between the original squamocolumnar junction and the new squamocolumnar junction called?
Transformation zone
What is the term given to a 'growth' or 'enlargement' which may not be neoplastic?
Tumor
What are the progeny of embryonic cells with different susceptibilities to infection by HPV involved in?
Malignant transformation
What is the mode of growth exhibited by malignant neoplasms?
Infiltrative and expansive growth
What is the name for the area between the original squamocolumnar junction and the new squamocolumnar junction?
Squamocolumnar transition zone (STZ)
Test your knowledge of exfoliative cytology and cancer detection with this quiz. Explore areas such as cervical smears, urine deposits, sputum or brushing, serous effusions, breast aspirations, and more. Additionally, learn about the screening of populations at risk and follow-up after treatment.
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