Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of emollients in ointments?
What is the primary function of emollients in ointments?
- To improve skin hydration (correct)
- To increase the viscosity of the ointment
- To enhance the antimicrobial properties
- To create water-in-oil emulsions
Which ingredient is associated with White Petrolatum?
Which ingredient is associated with White Petrolatum?
- Shea butter
- Coconut oil
- Yellow wax (correct)
- Almond oil
What distinguishes White Ointment from Yellow Ointment?
What distinguishes White Ointment from Yellow Ointment?
- Use of bleached and purified yellow wax (correct)
- Presence of additional medicinal agents
- Lack of any petrolatum
- Inclusion of essential oils
Absorption bases can incorporate aqueous solutions to form which type of emulsion?
Absorption bases can incorporate aqueous solutions to form which type of emulsion?
What characteristics define oleaginous bases?
What characteristics define oleaginous bases?
Which of the following statements is true regarding absorption bases?
Which of the following statements is true regarding absorption bases?
What is the common use of White Petrolatum in dermatology?
What is the common use of White Petrolatum in dermatology?
In terms of emollient effects, which base remains on the skin for long periods?
In terms of emollient effects, which base remains on the skin for long periods?
Which component is included in the formula of an emulsion base?
Which component is included in the formula of an emulsion base?
How is the plastic viscosity of ointments primarily controlled?
How is the plastic viscosity of ointments primarily controlled?
Which statement about water-removable bases is accurate?
Which statement about water-removable bases is accurate?
What is a common application for endodermic ointments?
What is a common application for endodermic ointments?
What characteristic makes White Petrolatum preferred by some users over regular petrolatum?
What characteristic makes White Petrolatum preferred by some users over regular petrolatum?
What is the primary disadvantage of oleaginous bases?
What is the primary disadvantage of oleaginous bases?
Which ingredient is typically found in hydrophilic petrolatum?
Which ingredient is typically found in hydrophilic petrolatum?
Which type of ointment is classified as an adjunct to incorporate water-soluble medicaments?
Which type of ointment is classified as an adjunct to incorporate water-soluble medicaments?
What type of emulsion is characterized by a large percentage of water and humectants to reduce evaporation?
What type of emulsion is characterized by a large percentage of water and humectants to reduce evaporation?
Which of the following emollient bases is likely to offer better penetration into the skin layers?
Which of the following emollient bases is likely to offer better penetration into the skin layers?
Which method of ointment preparation involves reducing insoluble substances to a fine form?
Which method of ointment preparation involves reducing insoluble substances to a fine form?
What type of ointment is known for its slight penetration properties?
What type of ointment is known for its slight penetration properties?
Which combination of ingredients is typically used to make a more stable cold cream?
Which combination of ingredients is typically used to make a more stable cold cream?
What is a characteristic feature of Unibase as an ointment base?
What is a characteristic feature of Unibase as an ointment base?
Which type of ointment is specifically designed to penetrate deeper layers of the skin?
Which type of ointment is specifically designed to penetrate deeper layers of the skin?
What is the primary function of humectants in water-in-oil emulsions?
What is the primary function of humectants in water-in-oil emulsions?
Study Notes
Ointment Bases
- Oleaginous Bases
- Hydrocarbon Bases (Anhydrous Bases)
- Insoluble in water, Emollient effect, protective barriers
- Not washable, but can absorb water
- Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
- 8% white wax, 3% stearyl alcohol, 3% cholesterol
- White Petrolatum, USP
- Purified semisolid hydrocarbons
- Decolorized Petroleum Jelly
- White Ointment, USP
- Substitutes White wax and White Petrolatum for Yellow wax and Petrolatum
Absorption Bases
- Two Types
- Permit incorporation of aqueous solutions, resulting in water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions
- Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
- Water-in-oil Emulsion, absorbs water
- Lanolin, w/o emulsion enables incorporation of water-soluble medicaments
- Contains Cholesterol
Water-Removable Bases
- Useful for Pharmaceutical adjuncts
- Permit inclusion of small volumes of aqueous solutions
- Allow incorporation of aqueous solution in absorption bases
- Propylene Glycol & Propylene Glycol-Ethanol
- Clear gel when mixed with 2% hydroxypropyl cellulose
Water-Soluble Bases
- External phase is oleaginous
- Water-in-oil emulsions, not easily removed with water
Ointment Penetration
- Epidermic Ointments
- No or very slight Penetration
- Petrolatum, Waxes
- Endodermic Ointments
- Penetration to deeper layers of skin
- Vegetable oils, Lard, Wool fat, Lanolin
- Diadermic Ointments
- Penetrates to deeper skin, facilitates absorption
- Opportunity for medication absorption
Ointment Preparations
- Incorporation
- Substances incorporated by levigation
- Mortar and Pestle - For large quantities
- Ointment Slab - Ground-glass plate & spatulas
- Hard rubber or Tested plastic spatulas
- Fusion
- Depends on the nature of ingredients
- Insoluble substances are reduced to the finest possible form, then levigated
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of ointment bases, including oleaginous, absorption, and water-removable bases. Learn about their characteristics, composition, and uses in pharmaceuticals. Test your knowledge on key ointment components and their applications.
