Ointment Bases Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of emollients in ointments?

To improve skin hydration (correct)

To increase the viscosity of the ointment

To enhance the antimicrobial properties

To create water-in-oil emulsions

Which ingredient is associated with White Petrolatum?

Shea butter

Coconut oil

Yellow wax (correct)

Almond oil

What distinguishes White Ointment from Yellow Ointment?

Use of bleached and purified yellow wax (correct)

Presence of additional medicinal agents

Lack of any petrolatum

Inclusion of essential oils

Absorption bases can incorporate aqueous solutions to form which type of emulsion?

Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics define oleaginous bases?

Anhydrous and not washable in water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding absorption bases?

They can incorporate small volumes of aqueous solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common use of White Petrolatum in dermatology?

As a protective barrier Signup and view all the answers

In terms of emollient effects, which base remains on the skin for long periods?

Oleaginous bases Signup and view all the answers

Which component is included in the formula of an emulsion base?

Lanolin Signup and view all the answers

How is the plastic viscosity of ointments primarily controlled?

By modifying the formulation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about water-removable bases is accurate?

They are easily removed with water washing. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application for endodermic ointments?

To incorporate aqueous solutions into hydrocarbon bases. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes White Petrolatum preferred by some users over regular petrolatum?

Lighter color Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of oleaginous bases?

They have limited ability to absorb water. Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is typically found in hydrophilic petrolatum?

White wax Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ointment is classified as an adjunct to incorporate water-soluble medicaments?

Endodermic ointments Signup and view all the answers

What type of emulsion is characterized by a large percentage of water and humectants to reduce evaporation?

Vanishing cream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following emollient bases is likely to offer better penetration into the skin layers?

Vegetable oils Signup and view all the answers

Which method of ointment preparation involves reducing insoluble substances to a fine form?

Incorporation Signup and view all the answers

What type of ointment is known for its slight penetration properties?

Epidermic ointment Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of ingredients is typically used to make a more stable cold cream?

Spermaceti and mineral oil Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Unibase as an ointment base?

It is hypoallergenic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ointment is specifically designed to penetrate deeper layers of the skin?

Endodermic ointments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of humectants in water-in-oil emulsions?

To reduce moisture loss Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ointment Bases

Oleaginous Bases
- Hydrocarbon Bases (Anhydrous Bases)
- Insoluble in water, Emollient effect, protective barriers
- Not washable, but can absorb water
- Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
  - 8% white wax, 3% stearyl alcohol, 3% cholesterol
- White Petrolatum, USP
  - Purified semisolid hydrocarbons
  - Decolorized Petroleum Jelly
- White Ointment, USP
  - Substitutes White wax and White Petrolatum for Yellow wax and Petrolatum

Absorption Bases

Two Types
- Permit incorporation of aqueous solutions, resulting in water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions
- Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
  - Water-in-oil Emulsion, absorbs water
- Lanolin, w/o emulsion enables incorporation of water-soluble medicaments
  - Contains Cholesterol

Water-Removable Bases

Useful for Pharmaceutical adjuncts
Permit inclusion of small volumes of aqueous solutions
Allow incorporation of aqueous solution in absorption bases
Propylene Glycol & Propylene Glycol-Ethanol
- Clear gel when mixed with 2% hydroxypropyl cellulose

Water-Soluble Bases

External phase is oleaginous
Water-in-oil emulsions, not easily removed with water

Ointment Penetration

Epidermic Ointments
- No or very slight Penetration
- Petrolatum, Waxes
Endodermic Ointments
- Penetration to deeper layers of skin
- Vegetable oils, Lard, Wool fat, Lanolin
Diadermic Ointments
- Penetrates to deeper skin, facilitates absorption
- Opportunity for medication absorption

Ointment Preparations

Incorporation
- Substances incorporated by levigation
- Mortar and Pestle - For large quantities
- Ointment Slab - Ground-glass plate & spatulas
- Hard rubber or Tested plastic spatulas
Fusion
- Depends on the nature of ingredients
- Insoluble substances are reduced to the finest possible form, then levigated

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Description

This quiz covers the different types of ointment bases, including oleaginous, absorption, and water-removable bases. Learn about their characteristics, composition, and uses in pharmaceuticals. Test your knowledge on key ointment components and their applications.