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Questions and Answers
What is the supercontinent named in the Theory of continental drift?
Pangea
What is the force that makes magma in Earth’s mantle move, due to heating and cooling?
Convection
Which layer of the Earth makes a tectonic plate that is rigid and can move?
Lithosphere
What type of plate boundary occurs where two pieces of oceanic crust move apart?
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What type of plate boundary creates a fault or cliff?
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What type of plate boundary creates a trench?
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What type of plate boundary creates a mid-ocean ridge?
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Which ocean was created when North America separated from Eurasia?
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How many oceans exist in the world?
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What is a body of brackish water called?
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Which ocean zone is closest to the shore?
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Which ocean zone has an area of sunlight?
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What is it called when referring to the ocean zone with sunlight?
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Which ocean zone is referred to as the 'open ocean'?
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Which ocean zone is referred to as the 'ocean floor' or bottom of the ocean?
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What is a volcano that forms in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor?
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What is formed when a piece of the mainland is broken off and separated by a body of water?
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What type of reef forms when an island sinks below sea level?
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What type of reef forms along the coast or an island?
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What type of reef is separated by land with a body of water?
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What type of reef is the most common?
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What percentage of corals overall in Florida have been lost?
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In the Corals video, what was the only thing researchers could find that could cause corals to turn white?
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What is the largest structure ever made by life on earth?
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What is the coral bleaching phenomenon directly attributed to?
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What is driving global climate change?
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What percentage of corals on the Great Barrier Reef died in 2016?
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Which fish eats the coral and turns it into sand?
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Study Notes
Ocean Formation
- Pangea: The supercontinent in the Theory of continental drift.
- Convection: The force that drives the movement of magma in Earth's mantle due to heating and cooling.
- Lithosphere: The rigid layer of Earth that forms tectonic plates, capable of movement.
- Divergent Boundary: Occurs where two pieces of oceanic crust move apart, leading to the creation of new crust.
- Transform Boundary: Creates faults or cliffs by sliding past each other.
- Convergent Boundary: Responsible for the formation of trenches when tectonic plates collide.
- Atlantic Ocean: Formed when North America separated from Eurasia.
- Number of Oceans: Five recognized oceans exist worldwide.
- Lagoon: A body of brackish water, typically partially enclosed by land.
Ocean Floor Zones
- Intertidal Zone: Closest ocean zone to the shore.
- Pelagic Zone: Area of the open ocean; characterized by sunlight (photic zone).
- Benthic Zone: Refers to the ocean floor or bottom of the ocean.
Islands and Reefs
- Hot Spot: A volcanic feature formed in the middle of a tectonic plate where magma rises and erupts.
- Hawaiian Islands Creation: Resulted from a hot spot with tectonic plate movement forming a chain of islands.
- Barrier Island: Formed when a piece of the mainland is broken off and separated by water.
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Reef Types:
- Atoll: Forms when an island sinks below sea level.
- Fringing Reef: Develops along the coast of an island.
- Barrier Reef: Separated from the mainland by a body of water.
- Common Reef Type: Fringing reefs are the most prevalent.
- Coral Loss in Florida: Approximately 90% of corals have been lost.
- Coral Bleaching Causes: Linked to climate change as rising temperatures drive zooxanthellae away from corals.
- Largest Structure by Life: Coral reefs are the biggest formations created by living organisms.
- Coral Bleaching: Directly attributed to climate change impacts.
- Drivers of Climate Change: Fossil fuel consumption is a major contributing factor.
- Coral Loss in the Great Barrier Reef (2016): Around 30% of corals perished due to coral bleaching events.
- Parrotfish: A species that feeds on coral, turning it into sand over time.
Ocean Floor Diagram Labels
- Continental Shelf: Area of shallow sea bed adjacent to a continent.
- Seamounts: Underwater mountains formed by volcanic activity.
- Rift Valley: A large elongated depression with steep walls, formed by tectonic plate separation.
- Continental Slope: The steep descent from the continental shelf to the ocean floor.
- Volcanic Island: An island formed by volcanic activity above sea level.
- Abyssal Plain: A flat or gently sloping area of the deep ocean floor.
- Trench: A long, narrow ditch or valley in the ocean floor created by subduction zones.
Reef Types Labels
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Types of Reefs:
- Fringing Reef
- Atoll
- Barrier Reef
- Fringing Reef (mentioned twice due to prevalence)
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Description
Prepare for your Oceanography Unit 2 test with this comprehensive study guide. Review key concepts such as the formation of the ocean, the supercontinent Pangea, and the forces driving tectonic plate movements. Additionally, enhance your understanding of essential oceanographic principles to earn bonus points on your classwork.
