Ocean Management and Conservation Quiz
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What is the Law of the Sea?

  • A treaty signed by 50 member countries to protect marine organisms
  • A set of regulations that govern the use of plastic in the ocean
  • A law that prohibits fishing in international waters
  • A United Nations agreement to regulate ocean ownership and resource use within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline (correct)

    • What is bycatch?

  • A type of fishing that uses long lines
  • A fishing method that only targets one species
  • Unintended catch and death of species (correct)
  • The maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size

    • What is the maximum sustainable yield (MSY)?

  • The maximum number of fish that can be caught without any negative impact on the population size
  • The maximum number of fish that can be caught in a day
  • The number of fish that can be caught in a year
  • The maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size (correct)

    • What are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

    <p>Areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

    <p>A vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is climate change?

    <p>Long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities, like excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the anthropogenic impacts on the ocean?

    <p>Overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species, caused by activities like diving, boating, agriculture runoff, and oil spills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tragedy of the commons?

    <p>Everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance from the coastline that a country can regulate ocean ownership and resource use within under the Law of the Sea?

    <p>200 nautical miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bycatch?

    <p>Unintended catch and death of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size under Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)?

    <p>The maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

    <p>Areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat and limiting use and take</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

    <p>A vortex of trash that accumulates in the middle of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of climate change?

    <p>Excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main negative effect of climate change on coral reefs?

    <p>Increased ocean temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tragedy of the commons?

    <p>A situation where everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Law of the Sea agreement?

    <p>To regulate ocean ownership and resource use within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resources are member countries allowed to exploit within their EEZ according to the Law of the Sea agreement?

    <p>Fisheries, minerals, oil/gas, and sea bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the United States not ratified the Law of the Sea treaty?

    <p>Due to its strategic position as a superpower with a strong navy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bycatch?

    <p>Unintended catch and death of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum sustainable yield (MSY)?

    <p>The maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

    <p>Areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the anthropogenic impacts on the ocean?

    <p>Overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

    <p>A vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oil?

    <p>A non-renewable resource formed from ancient plants and animals buried deep underground over millions of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is climate change?

    <p>Long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities, like excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change negatively affect coral reefs and marine organisms like polar bears?

    <p>By increasing ocean temperatures, melting sea ice, and causing habitat loss and food source reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tragedy of the commons?

    <p>Everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Law of the Sea agreement?

    <p>To regulate ocean ownership and resource use within EEZs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resources can member countries exploit within their EEZs?

    <p>Fisheries, minerals, oil/gas, and sea bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the United States not ratified the Law of the Sea treaty?

    <p>Due to its strategic position as a superpower with a strong navy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bycatch?

    <p>Unintended catch and death of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is maximum sustainable yield (MSY)?

    <p>The maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

    <p>Areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the anthropogenic impacts on the ocean?

    <p>Overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

    <p>A vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oil?

    <p>A non-renewable resource formed from ancient plants and animals buried deep underground over millions of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is climate change?

    <p>Long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities, like excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change affect coral reefs?

    <p>Negatively affects coral reefs by increasing ocean temperatures, causing coral bleaching, and reducing food sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tragedy of the commons?

    <p>A situation where everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Law of the Sea?

    <p>A United Nations agreement to regulate ocean ownership and resource use within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resources do members have rights to exploit within their EEZ?

    <p>Fisheries, minerals, oil/gas, and sea bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the United States not ratified the Law of the Sea treaty?

    <p>Due to its strategic position as a superpower with a strong navy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bycatch?

    <p>Unintended catch and death of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)?

    <p>The maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

    <p>Areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some anthropogenic impacts on the ocean?

    <p>Overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

    <p>A vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oil?

    <p>A non-renewable resource formed from ancient plants and animals buried deep underground over millions of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is climate change?

    <p>Long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change affect marine organisms?

    <p>By increasing ocean temperatures, melting sea ice, and causing habitat loss and food source reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tragedy of the commons?

    <p>A situation where everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth range of the mesopelagic zone?

    <p>200-1000m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of rapid change in temperature called?

    <p>Thermocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chemosynthesis?

    <p>The process by which chemosynthetic bacteria make sugars/energy using hydrogen sulfide in the absence of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Oxygen Minimum Zone?

    <p>The region at around 500 meters where many organisms deplete oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which organisms migrate vertically to the surface waters to feed called?

    <p>Vertical Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydrothermal vent?

    <p>A hot spot for biodiversity in the deep sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation of marine life in the deep sea that is often used as camouflage?

    <p>Bioluminescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth range of the epipelagic zone?

    <p>0-200m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation of fish in the mesopelagic and deep sea that allows them to eat prey much larger than themselves?

    <p>Hinged jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition in the deep sea that makes vertical migration to the epipelagic or shallower mesopelagic necessary for organisms to take advantage of better feeding opportunities?

    <p>Reduced food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of successful reproduction in the deep sea that is facilitated by hermaphrodites, pheromones, and male parasitism?

    <p>Sexual reproduction with internal fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation of marine life in the deep sea that allows them to see in low light conditions?

    <p>Large and tubular eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature like in the Deep Sea?

    <p>Cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ)?

    <p>A region of low oxygen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which chemosynthetic bacteria make sugars/energy using hydrogen sulfide in the absence of light called?

    <p>Chemosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer has the most photosynthesis?

    <p>Epipelagic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Twilight Zone?

    <p>A region of rapid change in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hydrothermal Vent?

    <p>A region of no light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Counterillumination?

    <p>The process by which bioluminescence is used as camouflage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Adaptation of marine life in the deep sea?

    <p>Silvery and compressed bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth of the Mesopelagic layer?

    <p>200-1000m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Oxygen concentration like in the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ)?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which organisms migrate to the epipelagic or shallower mesopelagic at night called?

    <p>Vertical Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generalist feeder fish's adaptation to eat prey much larger than themselves?

    <p>Hinged jaws and expanding stomachs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ocean Management and Conservation

    • Law of the Sea is a United Nations agreement signed by 160+ member countries in 1982 to regulate ocean ownership and resource use within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline.
    • Members have rights to exploit all resources within their EEZ, including fisheries, minerals, oil/gas, and sea bed.
    • The United States has not ratified the treaty and sets its own rules due to its strategic position as a superpower with a strong navy.
    • Bycatch, unintended catch and death of species, is a consequence of fishing, and trawling and long lines can cause damage to sea bottoms and unintended catch.
    • Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size, and overfishing occurs when the catch is beyond MSY.
    • Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean.
    • Anthropogenic impacts include overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species, caused by activities like diving, boating, agriculture runoff, and oil spills.
    • The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean.
    • Oil is a non-renewable resource formed from ancient plants and animals buried deep underground over millions of years, and extraction and use deplete it.
    • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities, like excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere.
    • Climate change negatively affects coral reefs and marine organisms like polar bears by increasing ocean temperatures, melting sea ice, and causing habitat loss and food source reduction.
    • High seas beyond the EEZ are unprotected and can lead to over-exploitation and tragedy of the commons, where everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer.

    Ocean Management and Conservation

    • Law of the Sea is a United Nations agreement signed by 160+ member countries in 1982 to regulate ocean ownership and resource use within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline.
    • Members have rights to exploit all resources within their EEZ, including fisheries, minerals, oil/gas, and sea bed.
    • The United States has not ratified the treaty and sets its own rules due to its strategic position as a superpower with a strong navy.
    • Bycatch, unintended catch and death of species, is a consequence of fishing, and trawling and long lines can cause damage to sea bottoms and unintended catch.
    • Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size, and overfishing occurs when the catch is beyond MSY.
    • Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean.
    • Anthropogenic impacts include overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species, caused by activities like diving, boating, agriculture runoff, and oil spills.
    • The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean.
    • Oil is a non-renewable resource formed from ancient plants and animals buried deep underground over millions of years, and extraction and use deplete it.
    • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities, like excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere.
    • Climate change negatively affects coral reefs and marine organisms like polar bears by increasing ocean temperatures, melting sea ice, and causing habitat loss and food source reduction.
    • High seas beyond the EEZ are unprotected and can lead to over-exploitation and tragedy of the commons, where everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer.

    Ocean Management and Conservation

    • Law of the Sea is a United Nations agreement signed by 160+ member countries in 1982 to regulate ocean ownership and resource use within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline.
    • Members have rights to exploit all resources within their EEZ, including fisheries, minerals, oil/gas, and sea bed.
    • The United States has not ratified the treaty and sets its own rules due to its strategic position as a superpower with a strong navy.
    • Bycatch, unintended catch and death of species, is a consequence of fishing, and trawling and long lines can cause damage to sea bottoms and unintended catch.
    • Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the maximum number of fish that can be caught and maintain a constant population size, and overfishing occurs when the catch is beyond MSY.
    • Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are areas that protect marine organisms by conserving habitat, limiting use and take, and encompass less than 5% of the ocean.
    • Anthropogenic impacts include overfishing, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species, caused by activities like diving, boating, agriculture runoff, and oil spills.
    • The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a vortex of trash, much of it composed of microplastics, that comes from land and accumulates in the middle of the ocean.
    • Oil is a non-renewable resource formed from ancient plants and animals buried deep underground over millions of years, and extraction and use deplete it.
    • Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions on a global scale caused by human activities, like excess carbon dioxide emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere.
    • Climate change negatively affects coral reefs and marine organisms like polar bears by increasing ocean temperatures, melting sea ice, and causing habitat loss and food source reduction.
    • High seas beyond the EEZ are unprotected and can lead to over-exploitation and tragedy of the commons, where everyone uses and thinks about their own interest, causing the ecosystem to suffer, and collective whole to suffer.

    Life in the Deep Sea: Mesopelagic and Below

    • Epipelagic (0-200m) is the surface waters, warmest layer, with abundant marine life and food, most photosynthesis, and well mixed by wind, waves, tides, and currents.
    • Mesopelagic (200-1000m) is the twilight, thermocline, with limited food and oxygen, and many specialized species.
    • Deep Sea (>1000m) is without light, with very cold temperature and high pressure, and no vertical migration possible.
    • Thermocline is a region of rapid change in temperature, with declining temperatures in this region.
    • Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) is located at around 500 meters, with many organisms depleting oxygen in this region.
    • Chemosynthesis is the process by which chemosynthetic bacteria make sugars/energy using hydrogen sulfide in the absence of light, which helps make hydrothermal vents possible.
    • Vertical Migration is done by organisms to the epipelagic or shallower mesopelagic at night to take advantage of better feeding opportunities and avoid predators.
    • Hydrothermal vent is a hot spot for biodiversity in the deep, made possible by microbial-initiated chemosynthesis.
    • Fish in the mesopelagic and deep sea have hinged jaws and are generalist feeders, and they can eat prey much larger than themselves due to expanding jaws and stomachs.
    • Conditions in the deep sea are no light, cold temperature, reduced food, low oxygen, and high pressure.
    • Adaptations of marine life in the deep sea include large and tubular eyes, silvery and compressed bodies, and bioluminescence often used as camouflage (counterillumination).
    • Successful reproduction in the deep sea is facilitated by hermaphrodites, pheromones, and male parasitism.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on ocean management and conservation with this informative quiz. From the Law of the Sea to the impacts of climate change on marine life, this quiz covers a range of topics related to protecting and preserving our oceans. Challenge yourself to see how much you know about overfishing, marine protected areas, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and more. Become an ocean conservation expert and learn about the challenges facing our planet's most precious resource.

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