Ocean Circulation and Water Residence Time

What is the primary driver of the vertical water motions within the surface layer of the ocean?

Kinetic energy transfer from the wind

What is the main reason that the gyres in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres rotate in opposite directions?

The Coriolis effect acts in opposite directions in the two hemispheres

How do the wind-driven surface currents impact climate?

All of the above

What is the primary mechanism by which the ocean and atmosphere exchange energy and matter?

Evaporation and precipitation Signup and view all the answers

How does the thermohaline circulation impact the residence time of deep ocean water?

It increases the residence time by slowing the mixing of deep and surface waters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the Coriolis effect?

The rotation of the Earth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of eddy is characterized by a warmer and higher center?

Anti-cyclonic eddy Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does air circulation occur for low-pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere?

Counterclockwise Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the residence time of deep water in the ocean?

Thermohaline circulation Signup and view all the answers

How do eddies in the ocean relate to atmospheric weather systems?

Eddies are analogous to low and high-pressure systems in the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the thermohaline circulation?

Differences in temperature and salinity between regions Signup and view all the answers

How do wind-driven surface currents impact climate?

They redistribute heat and moisture globally, influencing weather patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that the gyres in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres rotate in opposite directions?

The Coriolis effect caused by the Earth's rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of gyres in the Earth's oceans?

Coriolis effect and wind patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following currents is part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

California Current Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate area occupied by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

10 million square miles Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of rotation for the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

Clockwise Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the accumulation of marine debris found within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors determine the circulation patterns of gyres?

Coriolis effect and wind patterns Signup and view all the answers

How do wind-driven surface currents impact climate?

They transport heat and moisture, influencing weather patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force behind the Gulf Stream?

Thermohaline circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential impact of the Gulf Stream on climate?

It contributes to the development of strong cyclones Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate rate at which the Gulf Stream transports water through the Florida Straits?

30 million cubic meters per second Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ocean currents is stronger than the Gulf Stream?

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of El Niño on the weather in the central United States?

Increased rainfall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the general pattern of water circulation in the North Atlantic?

Clockwise, flowing northward along the US coast, then eastward toward Europe Signup and view all the answers

How does El Niño affect the fishing industry off the coast of Peru?

It prevents colder, nutrient-rich deep water from reaching the surface, harming the fishing industry Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate residence time of deep water in the Pacific Ocean?

1,000-2,000 years Signup and view all the answers

Where does the oldest water in the global ocean conveyor belt upwell?

North Pacific Ocean Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Mediterranean Sea is true?

It is surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land Signup and view all the answers

Ocean Circulation and Water Residence Time

Questions and Answers

What is the primary driver of the vertical water motions within the surface layer of the ocean?

What is the main reason that the gyres in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres rotate in opposite directions?

How do the wind-driven surface currents impact climate?

What is the primary mechanism by which the ocean and atmosphere exchange energy and matter?

How does the thermohaline circulation impact the residence time of deep ocean water?

What is the primary cause of the Coriolis effect?

Which type of eddy is characterized by a warmer and higher center?

In which direction does air circulation occur for low-pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere?

What is the primary factor that determines the residence time of deep water in the ocean?

How do eddies in the ocean relate to atmospheric weather systems?

What is the primary cause of the thermohaline circulation?

How do wind-driven surface currents impact climate?

What is the main reason that the gyres in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres rotate in opposite directions?

What is the primary cause of gyres in the Earth's oceans?

Which of the following currents is part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

What is the approximate area occupied by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

What is the direction of rotation for the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

What is the name given to the accumulation of marine debris found within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre?

Which of the following factors determine the circulation patterns of gyres?

How do wind-driven surface currents impact climate?

What is the primary driving force behind the Gulf Stream?

Which of the following is a potential impact of the Gulf Stream on climate?

What is the approximate rate at which the Gulf Stream transports water through the Florida Straits?

Which of the following ocean currents is stronger than the Gulf Stream?

What is the main impact of El Niño on the weather in the central United States?

Which of the following best describes the general pattern of water circulation in the North Atlantic?

How does El Niño affect the fishing industry off the coast of Peru?

What is the approximate residence time of deep water in the Pacific Ocean?

Where does the oldest water in the global ocean conveyor belt upwell?

Which of the following statements about the Mediterranean Sea is true?

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