Occupational Therapy: Movement and Manipulation Patterns
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of fluctuating tone on movement?

  • No movement at all
  • No impact on movement
  • Less controlled movement (correct)
  • More controlled movement

    • What is essential for functional fine motor skills?

  • Proximal joint instability
  • Postural and shoulder instability
  • Postural and shoulder stability (correct)
  • Distal joint instability

    • When does visuo-motor development appear?

  • At 12 months
  • At birth
  • At 24 months
  • At 6 months (correct)

    • What includes the identification of shapes, colors, and orientation of objects?

    <p>Visual perception and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor may affect the more complex manipulation of objects and tool use?

    <p>Social and cultural factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of development of hand skills?

    <p>Reaching, grasping, in hand manipulation, carry, voluntary release, bilateral hand use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What develops as the child holds their hands further away to view them during unilateral reaching?

    <p>Midline orientation of the hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does active supination develop?

    <p>At 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'reach' pattern in hand function?

    <p>To contact an object with the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of bilateral hand use?

    <p>Using both hands together to accomplish an activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant factor affecting hand function development in a child with a missing digit?

    <p>Integrity of the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of limitation in range of joint motion?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sufficient strength in hand function?

    <p>To initiate all types of grasp patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased tone on range of motion?

    <p>Decreased range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the adjustment of an object within the hand after grasp?

    <p>In-hand manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a non-physical factor that affects the development of hand function?

    <p>Visual skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hand Function Development

    • Reach: Movement and stabilization of the arm and hand for contacting an object with the hand.
    • Grasp: Attainment of an object with the hand.
    • Carry: The movement of the arm in space for transporting a hand-held object from one place to another.
    • Release: The intentional letting go of a hand-held object at a specific time and place.

    Patterns of Hand Function

    • In-hand manipulation: The adjustment of an object within the hand after grasp.
    • Bilateral hand use: The effective use of two hands together to accomplish an activity.

    Factors Affecting Hand Function Development

    Motor and Physical Factors

    • Integrity of the hand: Important for hand function, with involvement of the thumb having a significant effect on development.
    • Range of joint motion: Affects positioning the arm for hand use, reaching, and carrying skills.
    • Strength: Necessary for initiating and maintaining grasp patterns during carrying.
    • Tone: Affects the stability of parts of the upper limb during activities and the type of movement possible.
    • Proximal Joint Control: Functional mobility and stability of proximal joints are essential for fine motor skills.

    Non-Physical Factors

    • Visual skills: Coordinating visual skills with hand skills, and combining eye-hand coordination with visual perceptual skills.
    • Visual perception and cognition: Recognition, discrimination, and processing of sensory information through the eye and related CNS structures.
    • Social and cultural factors: Affecting the development of more complex hand skills, tool use, and object manipulation.

    Sequence of Hand Skill Development

      1. Reaching: Random asymmetric movements, gradually developing into midline orientation and unilateral reaching.
      1. Grasping: Attainment of an object with the hand.
      1. In-hand manipulation: Adjustment of an object within the hand after grasp.
      1. Carry: The movement of the arm in space for transporting a hand-held object from one place to another.
      1. Voluntary release: The intentional letting go of a hand-held object at a specific time and place.
      1. Bilateral hand use: The effective use of two hands together to accomplish an activity.

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    Description

    Understand the different movement patterns in occupational therapy, including reach, grasp, carry, and release, as well as in-hand manipulation and bilateral hand use.

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