Occupational Therapy: Movement and Manipulation Patterns

16 Questions

What is the result of fluctuating tone on movement?

Less controlled movement

What is essential for functional fine motor skills?

Postural and shoulder stability

When does visuo-motor development appear?

At 6 months

What includes the identification of shapes, colors, and orientation of objects?

Visual perception and cognition

What factor may affect the more complex manipulation of objects and tool use?

Social and cultural factors

What is the sequence of development of hand skills?

Reaching, grasping, in hand manipulation, carry, voluntary release, bilateral hand use

What develops as the child holds their hands further away to view them during unilateral reaching?

Midline orientation of the hands

At what age does active supination develop?

At 12 months

What is the primary purpose of the 'reach' pattern in hand function?

To contact an object with the hand

Which of the following is an example of bilateral hand use?

Using both hands together to accomplish an activity

What is the most significant factor affecting hand function development in a child with a missing digit?

Integrity of the thumb

What is a common cause of limitation in range of joint motion?

All of the above

What is the primary function of sufficient strength in hand function?

To initiate all types of grasp patterns

What is the effect of increased tone on range of motion?

Decreased range of motion

What is the term for the adjustment of an object within the hand after grasp?

In-hand manipulation

What is a non-physical factor that affects the development of hand function?

Visual skills

Study Notes

Hand Function Development

Reach: Movement and stabilization of the arm and hand for contacting an object with the hand.
Grasp: Attainment of an object with the hand.
Carry: The movement of the arm in space for transporting a hand-held object from one place to another.
Release: The intentional letting go of a hand-held object at a specific time and place.

Patterns of Hand Function

In-hand manipulation: The adjustment of an object within the hand after grasp.
Bilateral hand use: The effective use of two hands together to accomplish an activity.

Factors Affecting Hand Function Development

Motor and Physical Factors

Integrity of the hand: Important for hand function, with involvement of the thumb having a significant effect on development.
Range of joint motion: Affects positioning the arm for hand use, reaching, and carrying skills.
Strength: Necessary for initiating and maintaining grasp patterns during carrying.
Tone: Affects the stability of parts of the upper limb during activities and the type of movement possible.
Proximal Joint Control: Functional mobility and stability of proximal joints are essential for fine motor skills.

Non-Physical Factors

Visual skills: Coordinating visual skills with hand skills, and combining eye-hand coordination with visual perceptual skills.
Visual perception and cognition: Recognition, discrimination, and processing of sensory information through the eye and related CNS structures.
Social and cultural factors: Affecting the development of more complex hand skills, tool use, and object manipulation.

Sequence of Hand Skill Development

1. Reaching: Random asymmetric movements, gradually developing into midline orientation and unilateral reaching.
1. Grasping: Attainment of an object with the hand.
1. In-hand manipulation: Adjustment of an object within the hand after grasp.
1. Carry: The movement of the arm in space for transporting a hand-held object from one place to another.
1. Voluntary release: The intentional letting go of a hand-held object at a specific time and place.
1. Bilateral hand use: The effective use of two hands together to accomplish an activity.

Understand the different movement patterns in occupational therapy, including reach, grasp, carry, and release, as well as in-hand manipulation and bilateral hand use.

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