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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What type of grips involve the use of the entire hand?
What type of grips involve the use of the entire hand?
Power Grips
What type of movements involve pushing or lifting an object with the fingers or the entire hand?
What type of movements involve pushing or lifting an object with the fingers or the entire hand?
Nonprehensile movements
What type of movements are used to grasp an object?
What type of movements are used to grasp an object?
Prehensile movements
What type of grasp involves the entire palmar surface of the hand grasping around a cylindrical-shaped object?
What type of grasp involves the entire palmar surface of the hand grasping around a cylindrical-shaped object?
What type of grasp involves significant wrist extension, finger abduction, and flexion of MCP and IP joints along with stability of the longitudinal arch?
What type of grasp involves significant wrist extension, finger abduction, and flexion of MCP and IP joints along with stability of the longitudinal arch?
What type of grasp involves graded finger abduction according to the size of the object along with hyperextension of the MCP joints and flexion of the IP joints?
What type of grasp involves graded finger abduction according to the size of the object along with hyperextension of the MCP joints and flexion of the IP joints?
What type of grasp involves gripping like a hook formed by flexed fingers without thumb involvement?
What type of grasp involves gripping like a hook formed by flexed fingers without thumb involvement?
What type of grasp involves opposition of the thumb simultaneously to index and middle fingers?
What type of grasp involves opposition of the thumb simultaneously to index and middle fingers?
What type of grasp involves opposition of the thumb tip and the tip of the index finger?
What type of grasp involves opposition of the thumb tip and the tip of the index finger?
What type of grasp involves opposition of the thumb to the index finger and allows control of objects with radial finger pads while controlling thumb opposition?
What type of grasp involves opposition of the thumb to the index finger and allows control of objects with radial finger pads while controlling thumb opposition?
What type of grasp involves using power on or with a small object and involves controlling the index finger while adducting and flexing the thumb?
What type of grasp involves using power on or with a small object and involves controlling the index finger while adducting and flexing the thumb?
At what age does the palmar grasp (reflex) develop?
At what age does the palmar grasp (reflex) develop?
At what age does the radial palmar grasp develop?
At what age does the radial palmar grasp develop?
At what age do grasp patterns with active thumb use develop?
At what age do grasp patterns with active thumb use develop?
At what age does crude raking develop?
At what age does crude raking develop?
At what age does the radial digital grasp develop?
At what age does the radial digital grasp develop?
At what age does thumb/finger pad refinement develop?
At what age does thumb/finger pad refinement develop?
At what age does increased control of intrinsic muscles develop?
At what age does increased control of intrinsic muscles develop?
At what age do disk, cylindrical, and spherical grasps develop?
At what age do disk, cylindrical, and spherical grasps develop?
At what age do power grasps develop?
At what age do power grasps develop?
What is intentional letting go of a handheld object at a specific time and place?
What is intentional letting go of a handheld object at a specific time and place?
At what age does a child initially stabilize on a surface to release?
At what age does a child initially stabilize on a surface to release?
At what age is the release pattern refined and the child learns to modulate force?
At what age is the release pattern refined and the child learns to modulate force?
What is grasping an object with the pads of the fingers and thumb and moving it into the palm?
What is grasping an object with the pads of the fingers and thumb and moving it into the palm?
What is the reverse of finger-to-palm translation?
What is the reverse of finger-to-palm translation?
At what age does finger-to-palm translation develop?
At what age does finger-to-palm translation develop?
At what age does palm-to-finger translation develop?
At what age does palm-to-finger translation develop?
What involves linear movement of the object on the finger surface to allow for repositioning of the object on the pads of the fingers?
What involves linear movement of the object on the finger surface to allow for repositioning of the object on the pads of the fingers?
At what age is shifting inconsistently used?
At what age is shifting inconsistently used?
What involves turning or rolling an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less?
What involves turning or rolling an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less?
What involves the rotation of an object 180 to 360 degrees once or repetitively?
What involves the rotation of an object 180 to 360 degrees once or repetitively?
At what age can a child hold or carry a large ball with two hands?
At what age can a child hold or carry a large ball with two hands?
At what age can a child stabilize paper during coloring or writing?
At what age can a child stabilize paper during coloring or writing?
At what age can a child hold paper during scissors use?
At what age can a child hold paper during scissors use?
At what age can a child manipulate paper during scissor use?
At what age can a child manipulate paper during scissor use?
At what age can a child scribble with a marker?
At what age can a child scribble with a marker?
At what age can a child copy appropriate forms?
At what age can a child copy appropriate forms?
At what age can a child use scissors to cut lines?
At what age can a child use scissors to cut lines?
At what age can a child use scissors to cut simple shapes?
At what age can a child use scissors to cut simple shapes?
At what age can a child use scissors to cut complex shapes?
At what age can a child use scissors to cut complex shapes?
At what age can a child move both arms in full range of motion and reach to midline, extending the elbow?
At what age can a child move both arms in full range of motion and reach to midline, extending the elbow?
At what age can a child reach across midline?
At what age can a child reach across midline?
At what age can a child use a full palmar grasp?
At what age can a child use a full palmar grasp?
At what age can a child use a radial-digital grasp?
At what age can a child use a radial-digital grasp?
At what age can a child use a standard pincer grasp?
At what age can a child use a standard pincer grasp?
At what age can a child use spherical and intrinsic plus grasp?
At what age can a child use spherical and intrinsic plus grasp?
At what age can a child use power grasp on tools?
At what age can a child use power grasp on tools?
At what age can a child release objects freely?
At what age can a child release objects freely?
At what age can a child release 1-inch objects into a container, stack 1-inch blocks, and release tiny objects into a small hole?
At what age can a child release 1-inch objects into a container, stack 1-inch blocks, and release tiny objects into a small hole?
At what age can a child stack 1-inch blocks and throw a small ball at least 3 feet?
At what age can a child stack 1-inch blocks and throw a small ball at least 3 feet?
At what age can a child stack 1-inch blocks?
At what age can a child stack 1-inch blocks?
At what age can a child manipulate objects between two hands?
At what age can a child manipulate objects between two hands?
At what age can a child use finger-to-palm translation on small objects?
At what age can a child use finger-to-palm translation on small objects?
At what age can a child use palm-to-finger translation?
At what age can a child use palm-to-finger translation?
At what age can a child unscrew a bottle top?
At what age can a child unscrew a bottle top?
At what age can a child use shift to separate magazine pages or cards and roll a piece of clay into a ball?
At what age can a child use shift to separate magazine pages or cards and roll a piece of clay into a ball?
At what age can a child pick up a marker or crayon using rotation?
At what age can a child pick up a marker or crayon using rotation?
At what age can a child shift on a marker or pencil?
At what age can a child shift on a marker or pencil?
At what age can a child rotate a pencil to use the eraser and back?
At what age can a child rotate a pencil to use the eraser and back?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Power grip
Power grip
Using the entire hand, with the thumb flexed or abducted to the other fingers, used when strength is needed.
Cylindrical grasp
Cylindrical grasp
Grasping around a cylindrical object using the entire palmar surface of the hand.
Spherical grasp
Spherical grasp
Grasp that involves significant wrist extension, finger abduction, and flexion of MCP and IP joints.
Disk grasp
Disk grasp
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Hook grasp
Hook grasp
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Three-jaw chuck grasp
Three-jaw chuck grasp
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Tip pinch
Tip pinch
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Pincer grasp
Pincer grasp
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Lateral pinch
Lateral pinch
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6 months
6 months
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6 to 9 months
6 to 9 months
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7 months
7 months
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8 to 9 months
8 to 9 months
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12 to 15 months
12 to 15 months
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18 months to 3 years
18 months to 3 years
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3 to 5 years
3 to 5 years
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Voluntary release
Voluntary release
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Finger-to-palm translation
Finger-to-palm translation
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Palm-to-finger translation
Palm-to-finger translation
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12 to 15 months
12 to 15 months
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2 to 2.5 years
2 to 2.5 years
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Shifting
Shifting
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Simple rotation
Simple rotation
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Complex rotation
Complex rotation
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Bilateral hand skills
Bilateral hand skills
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6 to 12 months
6 to 12 months
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1 to 2 years
1 to 2 years
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3 years
3 years
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6 to 12 months
6 to 12 months
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1 to 2 years
1 to 2 years
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Grasp Patterns
- Power grips involve the use of the entire hand, with the thumb held flexed or abducted to the other fingers, and are used when strength is needed.
- Examples of power grips include spherical, cylindrical, and disk grasps.
Types of Grasps
- Cylindrical grasp: entire palmar surface of the hand grasping around a cylindrical-shaped object, involving finger flexors, intrinsic muscles, and thumb flexors and abductors.
- Spherical grasp: significant wrist extension, finger abduction, and flexion of MCP and IP joints along with stability of the longitudinal arch.
- Disk grasp: graded finger abduction according to the size of the object, along with hyperextension of the MCP joints and flexion of the IP joints.
- Hook grasp: gripping like a hook formed by flexed fingers without thumb involvement, generally static for a period of time.
- Three-jaw chuck grasp: opposition of the thumb simultaneously to index and middle fingers.
- Tip pinch: opposition of the thumb tip and the tip of the index finger, used to obtain very small objects, with dissociation of the two sides of the hand.
- Pincer grasp: opposition of the thumb to the index finger, allowing control of objects with radial finger pads while controlling thumb opposition.
- Lateral pinch: used to exert power on or with a small object, involving controlling the index finger while adducting and flexing the thumb.
Developmental Milestones for Grasp Patterns
- 10 weeks gestation to 6 months: palmar grasp (reflex)
- 6 months: radial palmar grasp
- 6 to 9 months: grasp patterns with active thumb use
- 7 months: crude raking
- 8 to 9 months: radial digital grasp
- 9 to 12 months: thumb/finger pad refinement
- 12 to 15 months: increased control of intrinsic muscles
- 18 months to 3 years: disk, cylindrical, and spherical grasp
- 3 to 5 years: power grasps
Voluntary Release
- Voluntary release: intentional letting go of a handheld object at a specific time and place
- 6 to 7 months: child initially stabilizes on surface
- 1 year: release pattern is refined, child learns to modulate force and demonstrate stacking
Finger-to-Palm and Palm-to-Finger Translation
- Finger-to-palm translation: grasping the object with the pads of the fingers and thumb and moving it into the palm
- Palm-to-finger translation: reverse of finger-to-palm translation, requires isolated control of the thumb and use of a pattern beginning with finger flexion and moving towards extension
- Finger-to-palm translation develops by 12 to 15 months of age
- Palm-to-finger translation develops by 2 to 2.5 years with simple rotation
Shifting, Rotation, and Bilateral Hand Skills
- Shifting: involves linear movement of the object of the finger surface to allow for repositioning of the object, used for separating two pieces of paper, buttoning, etc.
- Shifting is inconsistently used by 3 to 3.5 years
- Simple rotation: involves turning or rolling an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less
- Complex rotation: involves the rotation of an object 180 to 360 degrees once or repetitively
- Bilateral hand skills:
- 6 to 12 months: holds or carries large ball with two hands
- 3 to 5 years: stabilizes paper during coloring or writing, holds paper during scissor use
- 6+ years: manipulates paper during scissor use
Tool Use and Reach
- Tool use:
- 6 to 12 months: scribbles with marker
- 1 to 2 years: copies appropriate forms
- 3 years: uses scissors to cut lines
- 4 years: uses scissors to cut simple shapes
- 6+ years: uses scissors to cut complex shapes
- Reach:
- 6 to 12 months: moves both arms in full range of motion, reaches to midline, extends elbow
- 1 to 2 years: reaches across midline
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